Merge pull request #595 from bunnei/raster-cache

Rewrite the OpenGL rasterizer cache

15 files changed, 425 insertions, 1454 deletions

diff --git a/src/core/settings.h b/src/core/settings.h
index a7f1e5fa0..7150d9755 100644
--- a/src/core/settings.h
+++ b/src/core/settings.h
@@ -129,6 +129,7 @@ struct Values {
     // Renderer
     float resolution_factor;
     bool toggle_framelimit;
+    bool use_accurate_framebuffers;
 
     float bg_red;
     float bg_green;
diff --git a/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp b/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp
index a60aa1143..270d68222 100644
--- a/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp
+++ b/src/core/telemetry_session.cpp
@@ -161,6 +161,8 @@ TelemetrySession::TelemetrySession() {
              Settings::values.resolution_factor);
     AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::UserConfig, "Renderer_ToggleFramelimit",
              Settings::values.toggle_framelimit);
+    AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::UserConfig, "Renderer_UseAccurateFramebuffers",
+             Settings::values.use_accurate_framebuffers);
     AddField(Telemetry::FieldType::UserConfig, "System_UseDockedMode",
              Settings::values.use_docked_mode);
 }
diff --git a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
index 2dc251205..180be4ff4 100644
--- a/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
+++ b/src/video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h
@@ -321,6 +321,24 @@ public:
             INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(1);
         };
 
+        struct RenderTargetConfig {
+            u32 address_high;
+            u32 address_low;
+            u32 width;
+            u32 height;
+            Tegra::RenderTargetFormat format;
+            u32 block_dimensions;
+            u32 array_mode;
+            u32 layer_stride;
+            u32 base_layer;
+            INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(7);
+
+            GPUVAddr Address() const {
+                return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
+                                             address_low);
+            }
+        };
+
         union {
             struct {
                 INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x45);
@@ -333,23 +351,7 @@ public:
 
                 INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(0x1B8);
 
-                struct {
-                    u32 address_high;
-                    u32 address_low;
-                    u32 width;
-                    u32 height;
-                    Tegra::RenderTargetFormat format;
-                    u32 block_dimensions;
-                    u32 array_mode;
-                    u32 layer_stride;
-                    u32 base_layer;
-                    INSERT_PADDING_WORDS(7);
-
-                    GPUVAddr Address() const {
-                        return static_cast<GPUVAddr>((static_cast<GPUVAddr>(address_high) << 32) |
-                                                     address_low);
-                    }
-                } rt[NumRenderTargets];
+                RenderTargetConfig rt[NumRenderTargets];
 
                 struct {
                     f32 scale_x;
diff --git a/src/video_core/rasterizer_interface.h b/src/video_core/rasterizer_interface.h
index f0e48a802..145e58334 100644
--- a/src/video_core/rasterizer_interface.h
+++ b/src/video_core/rasterizer_interface.h
@@ -51,9 +51,8 @@ public:
     }
 
     /// Attempt to use a faster method to display the framebuffer to screen
-    virtual bool AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer,
-                                   VAddr framebuffer_addr, u32 pixel_stride,
-                                   ScreenInfo& screen_info) {
+    virtual bool AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config, VAddr framebuffer_addr,
+                                   u32 pixel_stride, ScreenInfo& screen_info) {
         return false;
     }
 
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
index 3fbf8e1f9..62ee45a36 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.cpp
@@ -146,7 +146,6 @@ std::pair<u8*, GLintptr> RasterizerOpenGL::SetupVertexArrays(u8* array_ptr,
         u64 size = end - start + 1;
 
         // Copy vertex array data
-        res_cache.FlushRegion(start, size, nullptr);
         Memory::ReadBlock(*memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(start), array_ptr, size);
 
         // Bind the vertex array to the buffer at the current offset.
@@ -325,29 +324,22 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::DrawArrays() {
     std::tie(color_surface, depth_surface, surfaces_rect) =
         res_cache.GetFramebufferSurfaces(using_color_fb, using_depth_fb, viewport_rect);
 
-    const u16 res_scale = color_surface != nullptr
-                              ? color_surface->res_scale
-                              : (depth_surface == nullptr ? 1u : depth_surface->res_scale);
-
     MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> draw_rect{
+        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.left) + viewport_rect.left,
+                                         surfaces_rect.left, surfaces_rect.right)), // Left
+        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.bottom) + viewport_rect.top,
+                                         surfaces_rect.bottom, surfaces_rect.top)), // Top
+        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.left) + viewport_rect.right,
+                                         surfaces_rect.left, surfaces_rect.right)), // Right
         static_cast<u32>(
-            std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.left) + viewport_rect.left * res_scale,
-                            surfaces_rect.left, surfaces_rect.right)), // Left
-        static_cast<u32>(
-            std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.bottom) + viewport_rect.top * res_scale,
-                            surfaces_rect.bottom, surfaces_rect.top)), // Top
-        static_cast<u32>(
-            std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.left) + viewport_rect.right * res_scale,
-                            surfaces_rect.left, surfaces_rect.right)), // Right
-        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.bottom) +
-                                             viewport_rect.bottom * res_scale,
-                                         surfaces_rect.bottom, surfaces_rect.top))}; // Bottom
+            std::clamp<s32>(static_cast<s32>(surfaces_rect.bottom) + viewport_rect.bottom,
+                            surfaces_rect.bottom, surfaces_rect.top))}; // Bottom
 
     // Bind the framebuffer surfaces
     BindFramebufferSurfaces(color_surface, depth_surface, has_stencil);
 
     // Sync the viewport
-    SyncViewport(surfaces_rect, res_scale);
+    SyncViewport(surfaces_rect);
 
     // Sync the blend state registers
     SyncBlendState();
@@ -442,19 +434,11 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::DrawArrays() {
     state.Apply();
 
     // Mark framebuffer surfaces as dirty
-    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> draw_rect_unscaled{
-        draw_rect.left / res_scale, draw_rect.top / res_scale, draw_rect.right / res_scale,
-        draw_rect.bottom / res_scale};
-
     if (color_surface != nullptr && write_color_fb) {
-        auto interval = color_surface->GetSubRectInterval(draw_rect_unscaled);
-        res_cache.InvalidateRegion(boost::icl::first(interval), boost::icl::length(interval),
-                                   color_surface);
+        res_cache.MarkSurfaceAsDirty(color_surface);
     }
     if (depth_surface != nullptr && write_depth_fb) {
-        auto interval = depth_surface->GetSubRectInterval(draw_rect_unscaled);
-        res_cache.InvalidateRegion(boost::icl::first(interval), boost::icl::length(interval),
-                                   depth_surface);
+        res_cache.MarkSurfaceAsDirty(depth_surface);
     }
 }
 
@@ -462,7 +446,7 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::NotifyMaxwellRegisterChanged(u32 method) {}
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushAll() {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
-    res_cache.FlushAll();
+    res_cache.FlushRegion(0, Kernel::VMManager::MAX_ADDRESS);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) {
@@ -472,13 +456,13 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) {
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::InvalidateRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
-    res_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size, nullptr);
+    res_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::FlushAndInvalidateRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size) {
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
     res_cache.FlushRegion(addr, size);
-    res_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size, nullptr);
+    res_cache.InvalidateRegion(addr, size);
 }
 
 bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateDisplayTransfer(const void* config) {
@@ -497,45 +481,28 @@ bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateFill(const void* config) {
     return true;
 }
 
-bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuffer,
+bool RasterizerOpenGL::AccelerateDisplay(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& config,
                                          VAddr framebuffer_addr, u32 pixel_stride,
                                          ScreenInfo& screen_info) {
-    if (framebuffer_addr == 0) {
-        return false;
+    if (!framebuffer_addr) {
+        return {};
     }
+
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_CacheManagement);
 
-    SurfaceParams src_params;
-    src_params.cpu_addr = framebuffer_addr;
-    src_params.addr = res_cache.TryFindFramebufferGpuAddress(framebuffer_addr).get_value_or(0);
-    src_params.width = std::min(framebuffer.width, pixel_stride);
-    src_params.height = framebuffer.height;
-    src_params.stride = pixel_stride;
-    src_params.is_tiled = true;
-    src_params.block_height = Tegra::Texture::TICEntry::DefaultBlockHeight;
-    src_params.pixel_format =
-        SurfaceParams::PixelFormatFromGPUPixelFormat(framebuffer.pixel_format);
-    src_params.component_type =
-        SurfaceParams::ComponentTypeFromGPUPixelFormat(framebuffer.pixel_format);
-    src_params.UpdateParams();
-
-    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> src_rect;
-    Surface src_surface;
-    std::tie(src_surface, src_rect) =
-        res_cache.GetSurfaceSubRect(src_params, ScaleMatch::Ignore, true);
-
-    if (src_surface == nullptr) {
-        return false;
+    const auto& surface{res_cache.TryFindFramebufferSurface(framebuffer_addr)};
+    if (!surface) {
+        return {};
     }
 
-    u32 scaled_width = src_surface->GetScaledWidth();
-    u32 scaled_height = src_surface->GetScaledHeight();
-
-    screen_info.display_texcoords = MathUtil::Rectangle<float>(
-        (float)src_rect.bottom / (float)scaled_height, (float)src_rect.left / (float)scaled_width,
-        (float)src_rect.top / (float)scaled_height, (float)src_rect.right / (float)scaled_width);
+    // Verify that the cached surface is the same size and format as the requested framebuffer
+    const auto& params{surface->GetSurfaceParams()};
+    const auto& pixel_format{SurfaceParams::PixelFormatFromGPUPixelFormat(config.pixel_format)};
+    ASSERT_MSG(params.width == config.width, "Framebuffer width is different");
+    ASSERT_MSG(params.height == config.height, "Framebuffer height is different");
+    ASSERT_MSG(params.pixel_format == pixel_format, "Framebuffer pixel_format is different");
 
-    screen_info.display_texture = src_surface->texture.handle;
+    screen_info.display_texture = surface->Texture().handle;
 
     return true;
 }
@@ -674,7 +641,7 @@ u32 RasterizerOpenGL::SetupTextures(Maxwell::ShaderStage stage, GLuint program,
         texture_samplers[current_bindpoint].SyncWithConfig(texture.tsc);
         Surface surface = res_cache.GetTextureSurface(texture);
         if (surface != nullptr) {
-            state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].texture_2d = surface->texture.handle;
+            state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].texture_2d = surface->Texture().handle;
             state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].swizzle.r =
                 MaxwellToGL::SwizzleSource(texture.tic.x_source);
             state.texture_units[current_bindpoint].swizzle.g =
@@ -700,16 +667,16 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::BindFramebufferSurfaces(const Surface& color_surface,
     state.Apply();
 
     glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-                           color_surface != nullptr ? color_surface->texture.handle : 0, 0);
+                           color_surface != nullptr ? color_surface->Texture().handle : 0, 0);
     if (depth_surface != nullptr) {
         if (has_stencil) {
             // attach both depth and stencil
             glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-                                   depth_surface->texture.handle, 0);
+                                   depth_surface->Texture().handle, 0);
         } else {
             // attach depth
             glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-                                   depth_surface->texture.handle, 0);
+                                   depth_surface->Texture().handle, 0);
             // clear stencil attachment
             glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
         }
@@ -720,14 +687,14 @@ void RasterizerOpenGL::BindFramebufferSurfaces(const Surface& color_surface,
     }
 }
 
-void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncViewport(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& surfaces_rect, u16 res_scale) {
+void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncViewport(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& surfaces_rect) {
     const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
     const MathUtil::Rectangle<s32> viewport_rect{regs.viewport_transform[0].GetRect()};
 
-    state.viewport.x = static_cast<GLint>(surfaces_rect.left) + viewport_rect.left * res_scale;
-    state.viewport.y = static_cast<GLint>(surfaces_rect.bottom) + viewport_rect.bottom * res_scale;
-    state.viewport.width = static_cast<GLsizei>(viewport_rect.GetWidth() * res_scale);
-    state.viewport.height = static_cast<GLsizei>(viewport_rect.GetHeight() * res_scale);
+    state.viewport.x = static_cast<GLint>(surfaces_rect.left) + viewport_rect.left;
+    state.viewport.y = static_cast<GLint>(surfaces_rect.bottom) + viewport_rect.bottom;
+    state.viewport.width = static_cast<GLsizei>(viewport_rect.GetWidth());
+    state.viewport.height = static_cast<GLsizei>(viewport_rect.GetHeight());
 }
 
 void RasterizerOpenGL::SyncClipEnabled() {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
index 4762983c9..621200f03 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer.h
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ private:
                       u32 current_unit, const std::vector<GLShader::SamplerEntry>& entries);
 
     /// Syncs the viewport to match the guest state
-    void SyncViewport(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& surfaces_rect, u16 res_scale);
+    void SyncViewport(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& surfaces_rect);
 
     /// Syncs the clip enabled status to match the guest state
     void SyncClipEnabled();
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp
index 857164ff6..63f5999ea 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.cpp
@@ -1,37 +1,23 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #include <algorithm>
-#include <atomic>
-#include <cstring>
-#include <iterator>
-#include <memory>
-#include <utility>
-#include <vector>
-#include <boost/optional.hpp>
-#include <boost/range/iterator_range.hpp>
 #include <glad/glad.h>
+
 #include "common/alignment.h"
-#include "common/bit_field.h"
-#include "common/color.h"
-#include "common/logging/log.h"
-#include "common/math_util.h"
+#include "common/assert.h"
 #include "common/microprofile.h"
 #include "common/scope_exit.h"
 #include "core/core.h"
-#include "core/frontend/emu_window.h"
 #include "core/hle/kernel/process.h"
-#include "core/hle/kernel/vm_manager.h"
 #include "core/memory.h"
 #include "core/settings.h"
 #include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h"
-#include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_state.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/astc.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/decoders.h"
 #include "video_core/utils.h"
-#include "video_core/video_core.h"
 
 using SurfaceType = SurfaceParams::SurfaceType;
 using PixelFormat = SurfaceParams::PixelFormat;
@@ -44,6 +30,40 @@ struct FormatTuple {
     bool compressed;
 };
 
+/*static*/ SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForTexture(
+    const Tegra::Texture::FullTextureInfo& config) {
+
+    SurfaceParams params{};
+    params.addr = config.tic.Address();
+    params.is_tiled = config.tic.IsTiled();
+    params.block_height = params.is_tiled ? config.tic.BlockHeight() : 0,
+    params.pixel_format = PixelFormatFromTextureFormat(config.tic.format);
+    params.component_type = ComponentTypeFromTexture(config.tic.r_type.Value());
+    params.type = GetFormatType(params.pixel_format);
+    params.width = Common::AlignUp(config.tic.Width(), GetCompressionFactor(params.pixel_format));
+    params.height = Common::AlignUp(config.tic.Height(), GetCompressionFactor(params.pixel_format));
+    params.unaligned_height = config.tic.Height();
+    params.size_in_bytes = params.SizeInBytes();
+    return params;
+}
+
+/*static*/ SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(
+    const Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::RenderTargetConfig& config) {
+
+    SurfaceParams params{};
+    params.addr = config.Address();
+    params.is_tiled = true;
+    params.block_height = Tegra::Texture::TICEntry::DefaultBlockHeight;
+    params.pixel_format = PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat(config.format);
+    params.component_type = ComponentTypeFromRenderTarget(config.format);
+    params.type = GetFormatType(params.pixel_format);
+    params.width = config.width;
+    params.height = config.height;
+    params.unaligned_height = config.height;
+    params.size_in_bytes = params.SizeInBytes();
+    return params;
+}
+
 static constexpr std::array<FormatTuple, SurfaceParams::MaxPixelFormat> tex_format_tuples = {{
     {GL_RGBA8, GL_RGBA, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_8_8_8_8_REV, false},                    // ABGR8
     {GL_RGB, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_SHORT_5_6_5_REV, false},                       // B5G6R5
@@ -63,8 +83,8 @@ static const FormatTuple& GetFormatTuple(PixelFormat pixel_format, ComponentType
     const SurfaceType type = SurfaceParams::GetFormatType(pixel_format);
     if (type == SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
         ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(pixel_format) < tex_format_tuples.size());
-        // For now only UNORM components are supported, or either R11FG11FB10F or RGBA16F which are
-        // type FLOAT
+        // For now only UNORM components are supported, or either R11FG11FB10F or RGBA16F which
+        // are type FLOAT
         ASSERT(component_type == ComponentType::UNorm || pixel_format == PixelFormat::RGBA16F ||
                pixel_format == PixelFormat::R11FG11FB10F);
         return tex_format_tuples[static_cast<unsigned int>(pixel_format)];
@@ -77,65 +97,70 @@ static const FormatTuple& GetFormatTuple(PixelFormat pixel_format, ComponentType
     return {};
 }
 
-template <typename Map, typename Interval>
-constexpr auto RangeFromInterval(Map& map, const Interval& interval) {
-    return boost::make_iterator_range(map.equal_range(interval));
+VAddr SurfaceParams::GetCpuAddr() const {
+    const auto& gpu = Core::System::GetInstance().GPU();
+    return *gpu.memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(addr);
 }
 
-static u16 GetResolutionScaleFactor() {
-    return static_cast<u16>(!Settings::values.resolution_factor
-                                ? VideoCore::g_emu_window->GetFramebufferLayout().GetScalingRatio()
-                                : Settings::values.resolution_factor);
+static bool IsPixelFormatASTC(PixelFormat format) {
+    switch (format) {
+    case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4:
+        return true;
+    default:
+        return false;
+    }
 }
 
-static void ConvertASTCToRGBA8(std::vector<u8>& data, PixelFormat format, u32 width, u32 height) {
-    u32 block_width{};
-    u32 block_height{};
-
+static std::pair<u32, u32> GetASTCBlockSize(PixelFormat format) {
     switch (format) {
     case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4:
-        block_width = 4;
-        block_height = 4;
-        break;
+        return {4, 4};
     default:
         NGLOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Unhandled format: {}", static_cast<u32>(format));
         UNREACHABLE();
     }
+}
+
+MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> SurfaceParams::GetRect() const {
+    u32 actual_height{unaligned_height};
+    if (IsPixelFormatASTC(pixel_format)) {
+        // ASTC formats must stop at the ATSC block size boundary
+        actual_height = Common::AlignDown(actual_height, GetASTCBlockSize(pixel_format).second);
+    }
+    return {0, actual_height, width, 0};
+}
 
+static void ConvertASTCToRGBA8(std::vector<u8>& data, PixelFormat format, u32 width, u32 height) {
+    u32 block_width{};
+    u32 block_height{};
+    std::tie(block_width, block_height) = GetASTCBlockSize(format);
     data = Tegra::Texture::ASTC::Decompress(data, width, height, block_width, block_height);
 }
 
 template <bool morton_to_gl, PixelFormat format>
-void MortonCopy(u32 stride, u32 block_height, u32 height, u8* gl_buffer, Tegra::GPUVAddr base,
-                Tegra::GPUVAddr start, Tegra::GPUVAddr end) {
+void MortonCopy(u32 stride, u32 block_height, u32 height, u8* gl_buffer, Tegra::GPUVAddr addr) {
     constexpr u32 bytes_per_pixel = SurfaceParams::GetFormatBpp(format) / CHAR_BIT;
     constexpr u32 gl_bytes_per_pixel = CachedSurface::GetGLBytesPerPixel(format);
     const auto& gpu = Core::System::GetInstance().GPU();
 
     if (morton_to_gl) {
         auto data = Tegra::Texture::UnswizzleTexture(
-            *gpu.memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(base),
+            *gpu.memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(addr),
             SurfaceParams::TextureFormatFromPixelFormat(format), stride, height, block_height);
 
-        if (SurfaceParams::IsFormatASTC(format)) {
-            // ASTC formats are converted to RGBA8 in software, as most PC GPUs do not support this
-            ConvertASTCToRGBA8(data, format, stride, height);
-        }
-
         std::memcpy(gl_buffer, data.data(), data.size());
     } else {
-        // TODO(bunnei): Assumes the default rendering GOB size of 16 (128 lines). We should check
-        // the configuration for this and perform more generic un/swizzle
+        // TODO(bunnei): Assumes the default rendering GOB size of 16 (128 lines). We should
+        // check the configuration for this and perform more generic un/swizzle
         NGLOG_WARNING(Render_OpenGL, "need to use correct swizzle/GOB parameters!");
         VideoCore::MortonCopyPixels128(
             stride, height, bytes_per_pixel, gl_bytes_per_pixel,
-            Memory::GetPointer(*gpu.memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(base)), gl_buffer,
+            Memory::GetPointer(*gpu.memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(addr)), gl_buffer,
             morton_to_gl);
     }
 }
 
-static constexpr std::array<void (*)(u32, u32, u32, u8*, Tegra::GPUVAddr, Tegra::GPUVAddr,
-                                     Tegra::GPUVAddr),
+static constexpr std::array<void (*)(u32, u32, u32, u8*, Tegra::GPUVAddr),
                             SurfaceParams::MaxPixelFormat>
     morton_to_gl_fns = {
         MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::ABGR8>,        MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::B5G6R5>,
@@ -146,8 +171,7 @@ static constexpr std::array<void (*)(u32, u32, u32, u8*, Tegra::GPUVAddr, Tegra:
         MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::DXN1>,         MortonCopy<true, PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4>,
 };
 
-static constexpr std::array<void (*)(u32, u32, u32, u8*, Tegra::GPUVAddr, Tegra::GPUVAddr,
-                                     Tegra::GPUVAddr),
+static constexpr std::array<void (*)(u32, u32, u32, u8*, Tegra::GPUVAddr),
                             SurfaceParams::MaxPixelFormat>
     gl_to_morton_fns = {
         MortonCopy<false, PixelFormat::ABGR8>,
@@ -192,374 +216,79 @@ static void AllocateSurfaceTexture(GLuint texture, const FormatTuple& format_tup
     cur_state.Apply();
 }
 
-static bool BlitTextures(GLuint src_tex, const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& src_rect, GLuint dst_tex,
-                         const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& dst_rect, SurfaceType type,
-                         GLuint read_fb_handle, GLuint draw_fb_handle) {
-
-    glCopyImageSubData(src_tex, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, src_rect.left, src_rect.bottom, 0, dst_tex,
-                       GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, dst_rect.left, dst_rect.bottom, 0, src_rect.GetWidth(),
-                       src_rect.GetHeight(), 0);
-    return true;
-}
-
-static bool FillSurface(const Surface& surface, const u8* fill_data,
-                        const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& fill_rect, GLuint draw_fb_handle) {
-    UNREACHABLE();
-    return {};
-}
-
-SurfaceParams SurfaceParams::FromInterval(SurfaceInterval interval) const {
-    SurfaceParams params = *this;
-    const u32 tiled_size = is_tiled ? 8 : 1;
-    const u64 stride_tiled_bytes = BytesInPixels(stride * tiled_size);
-    Tegra::GPUVAddr aligned_start =
-        addr + Common::AlignDown(boost::icl::first(interval) - addr, stride_tiled_bytes);
-    Tegra::GPUVAddr aligned_end =
-        addr + Common::AlignUp(boost::icl::last_next(interval) - addr, stride_tiled_bytes);
-
-    if (aligned_end - aligned_start > stride_tiled_bytes) {
-        params.addr = aligned_start;
-        params.height = static_cast<u32>((aligned_end - aligned_start) / BytesInPixels(stride));
-    } else {
-        // 1 row
-        ASSERT(aligned_end - aligned_start == stride_tiled_bytes);
-        const u64 tiled_alignment = BytesInPixels(is_tiled ? 8 * 8 : 1);
-        aligned_start =
-            addr + Common::AlignDown(boost::icl::first(interval) - addr, tiled_alignment);
-        aligned_end =
-            addr + Common::AlignUp(boost::icl::last_next(interval) - addr, tiled_alignment);
-        params.addr = aligned_start;
-        params.width = static_cast<u32>(PixelsInBytes(aligned_end - aligned_start) / tiled_size);
-        params.stride = params.width;
-        params.height = tiled_size;
-    }
-    params.UpdateParams();
-
-    return params;
-}
-
-SurfaceInterval SurfaceParams::GetSubRectInterval(MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> unscaled_rect) const {
-    if (unscaled_rect.GetHeight() == 0 || unscaled_rect.GetWidth() == 0) {
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    if (is_tiled) {
-        unscaled_rect.left = Common::AlignDown(unscaled_rect.left, 8) * 8;
-        unscaled_rect.bottom = Common::AlignDown(unscaled_rect.bottom, 8) / 8;
-        unscaled_rect.right = Common::AlignUp(unscaled_rect.right, 8) * 8;
-        unscaled_rect.top = Common::AlignUp(unscaled_rect.top, 8) / 8;
-    }
-
-    const u32 stride_tiled = !is_tiled ? stride : stride * 8;
-
-    const u32 pixel_offset =
-        stride_tiled * (!is_tiled ? unscaled_rect.bottom : (height / 8) - unscaled_rect.top) +
-        unscaled_rect.left;
-
-    const u32 pixels = (unscaled_rect.GetHeight() - 1) * stride_tiled + unscaled_rect.GetWidth();
-
-    return {addr + BytesInPixels(pixel_offset), addr + BytesInPixels(pixel_offset + pixels)};
-}
-
-MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> SurfaceParams::GetSubRect(const SurfaceParams& sub_surface) const {
-    const u32 begin_pixel_index = static_cast<u32>(PixelsInBytes(sub_surface.addr - addr));
-
-    if (is_tiled) {
-        const int x0 = (begin_pixel_index % (stride * 8)) / 8;
-        const int y0 = (begin_pixel_index / (stride * 8)) * 8;
-        // Top to bottom
-        return MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>(x0, height - y0, x0 + sub_surface.width,
-                                        height - (y0 + sub_surface.height));
-    }
-
-    const int x0 = begin_pixel_index % stride;
-    const int y0 = begin_pixel_index / stride;
-    // Bottom to top
-    return MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>(x0, y0 + sub_surface.height, x0 + sub_surface.width, y0);
-}
-
-MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> SurfaceParams::GetScaledSubRect(const SurfaceParams& sub_surface) const {
-    auto rect = GetSubRect(sub_surface);
-    rect.left = rect.left * res_scale;
-    rect.right = rect.right * res_scale;
-    rect.top = rect.top * res_scale;
-    rect.bottom = rect.bottom * res_scale;
-    return rect;
-}
-
-bool SurfaceParams::ExactMatch(const SurfaceParams& other_surface) const {
-    return std::tie(other_surface.addr, other_surface.width, other_surface.height,
-                    other_surface.stride, other_surface.block_height, other_surface.pixel_format,
-                    other_surface.component_type,
-                    other_surface.is_tiled) == std::tie(addr, width, height, stride, block_height,
-                                                        pixel_format, component_type, is_tiled) &&
-           pixel_format != PixelFormat::Invalid;
-}
-
-bool SurfaceParams::CanSubRect(const SurfaceParams& sub_surface) const {
-    return sub_surface.addr >= addr && sub_surface.end <= end &&
-           sub_surface.pixel_format == pixel_format && pixel_format != PixelFormat::Invalid &&
-           sub_surface.is_tiled == is_tiled && sub_surface.block_height == block_height &&
-           sub_surface.component_type == component_type &&
-           (sub_surface.addr - addr) % BytesInPixels(is_tiled ? 64 : 1) == 0 &&
-           (sub_surface.stride == stride || sub_surface.height <= (is_tiled ? 8u : 1u)) &&
-           GetSubRect(sub_surface).left + sub_surface.width <= stride;
-}
-
-bool SurfaceParams::CanExpand(const SurfaceParams& expanded_surface) const {
-    return pixel_format != PixelFormat::Invalid && pixel_format == expanded_surface.pixel_format &&
-           addr <= expanded_surface.end && expanded_surface.addr <= end &&
-           is_tiled == expanded_surface.is_tiled && block_height == expanded_surface.block_height &&
-           component_type == expanded_surface.component_type && stride == expanded_surface.stride &&
-           (std::max(expanded_surface.addr, addr) - std::min(expanded_surface.addr, addr)) %
-                   BytesInPixels(stride * (is_tiled ? 8 : 1)) ==
-               0;
-}
-
-bool SurfaceParams::CanTexCopy(const SurfaceParams& texcopy_params) const {
-    if (pixel_format == PixelFormat::Invalid || addr > texcopy_params.addr ||
-        end < texcopy_params.end) {
-        return false;
-    }
-    if (texcopy_params.block_height != block_height ||
-        texcopy_params.component_type != component_type)
-        return false;
-
-    if (texcopy_params.width != texcopy_params.stride) {
-        const u32 tile_stride = static_cast<u32>(BytesInPixels(stride * (is_tiled ? 8 : 1)));
-        return (texcopy_params.addr - addr) % BytesInPixels(is_tiled ? 64 : 1) == 0 &&
-               texcopy_params.width % BytesInPixels(is_tiled ? 64 : 1) == 0 &&
-               (texcopy_params.height == 1 || texcopy_params.stride == tile_stride) &&
-               ((texcopy_params.addr - addr) % tile_stride) + texcopy_params.width <= tile_stride;
-    }
-    return FromInterval(texcopy_params.GetInterval()).GetInterval() == texcopy_params.GetInterval();
-}
-
-VAddr SurfaceParams::GetCpuAddr() const {
-    // When this function is used, only cpu_addr or (GPU) addr should be set, not both
-    ASSERT(!(cpu_addr && addr));
-    const auto& gpu = Core::System::GetInstance().GPU();
-    return cpu_addr.get_value_or(*gpu.memory_manager->GpuToCpuAddress(addr));
-}
-
-bool CachedSurface::CanFill(const SurfaceParams& dest_surface,
-                            SurfaceInterval fill_interval) const {
-    if (type == SurfaceType::Fill && IsRegionValid(fill_interval) &&
-        boost::icl::first(fill_interval) >= addr &&
-        boost::icl::last_next(fill_interval) <= end && // dest_surface is within our fill range
-        dest_surface.FromInterval(fill_interval).GetInterval() ==
-            fill_interval) { // make sure interval is a rectangle in dest surface
-        if (fill_size * CHAR_BIT != dest_surface.GetFormatBpp()) {
-            // Check if bits repeat for our fill_size
-            const u32 dest_bytes_per_pixel = std::max(dest_surface.GetFormatBpp() / CHAR_BIT, 1u);
-            std::vector<u8> fill_test(fill_size * dest_bytes_per_pixel);
-
-            for (u32 i = 0; i < dest_bytes_per_pixel; ++i)
-                std::memcpy(&fill_test[i * fill_size], &fill_data[0], fill_size);
-
-            for (u32 i = 0; i < fill_size; ++i)
-                if (std::memcmp(&fill_test[dest_bytes_per_pixel * i], &fill_test[0],
-                                dest_bytes_per_pixel) != 0)
-                    return false;
-
-            if (dest_surface.GetFormatBpp() == 4 && (fill_test[0] & 0xF) != (fill_test[0] >> 4))
-                return false;
-        }
-        return true;
-    }
-    return false;
-}
-
-bool CachedSurface::CanCopy(const SurfaceParams& dest_surface,
-                            SurfaceInterval copy_interval) const {
-    SurfaceParams subrect_params = dest_surface.FromInterval(copy_interval);
-    ASSERT(subrect_params.GetInterval() == copy_interval);
-    if (CanSubRect(subrect_params))
-        return true;
-
-    if (CanFill(dest_surface, copy_interval))
-        return true;
-
-    return false;
-}
-
-SurfaceInterval SurfaceParams::GetCopyableInterval(const Surface& src_surface) const {
-    SurfaceInterval result{};
-    const auto valid_regions =
-        SurfaceRegions(GetInterval() & src_surface->GetInterval()) - src_surface->invalid_regions;
-    for (auto& valid_interval : valid_regions) {
-        const SurfaceInterval aligned_interval{
-            addr + Common::AlignUp(boost::icl::first(valid_interval) - addr,
-                                   BytesInPixels(is_tiled ? 8 * 8 : 1)),
-            addr + Common::AlignDown(boost::icl::last_next(valid_interval) - addr,
-                                     BytesInPixels(is_tiled ? 8 * 8 : 1))};
-
-        if (BytesInPixels(is_tiled ? 8 * 8 : 1) > boost::icl::length(valid_interval) ||
-            boost::icl::length(aligned_interval) == 0) {
-            continue;
-        }
-
-        // Get the rectangle within aligned_interval
-        const u32 stride_bytes = static_cast<u32>(BytesInPixels(stride)) * (is_tiled ? 8 : 1);
-        SurfaceInterval rect_interval{
-            addr + Common::AlignUp(boost::icl::first(aligned_interval) - addr, stride_bytes),
-            addr + Common::AlignDown(boost::icl::last_next(aligned_interval) - addr, stride_bytes),
-        };
-        if (boost::icl::first(rect_interval) > boost::icl::last_next(rect_interval)) {
-            // 1 row
-            rect_interval = aligned_interval;
-        } else if (boost::icl::length(rect_interval) == 0) {
-            // 2 rows that do not make a rectangle, return the larger one
-            const SurfaceInterval row1{boost::icl::first(aligned_interval),
-                                       boost::icl::first(rect_interval)};
-            const SurfaceInterval row2{boost::icl::first(rect_interval),
-                                       boost::icl::last_next(aligned_interval)};
-            rect_interval = (boost::icl::length(row1) > boost::icl::length(row2)) ? row1 : row2;
-        }
-
-        if (boost::icl::length(rect_interval) > boost::icl::length(result)) {
-            result = rect_interval;
-        }
-    }
-    return result;
-}
-
-void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::CopySurface(const Surface& src_surface, const Surface& dst_surface,
-                                        SurfaceInterval copy_interval) {
-    SurfaceParams subrect_params = dst_surface->FromInterval(copy_interval);
-    ASSERT(subrect_params.GetInterval() == copy_interval);
-
-    ASSERT(src_surface != dst_surface);
-
-    // This is only called when CanCopy is true, no need to run checks here
-    if (src_surface->type == SurfaceType::Fill) {
-        // FillSurface needs a 4 bytes buffer
-        const u64 fill_offset =
-            (boost::icl::first(copy_interval) - src_surface->addr) % src_surface->fill_size;
-        std::array<u8, 4> fill_buffer;
-
-        u64 fill_buff_pos = fill_offset;
-        for (int i : {0, 1, 2, 3})
-            fill_buffer[i] = src_surface->fill_data[fill_buff_pos++ % src_surface->fill_size];
-
-        FillSurface(dst_surface, &fill_buffer[0], dst_surface->GetScaledSubRect(subrect_params),
-                    draw_framebuffer.handle);
-        return;
-    }
-    if (src_surface->CanSubRect(subrect_params)) {
-        BlitTextures(src_surface->texture.handle, src_surface->GetScaledSubRect(subrect_params),
-                     dst_surface->texture.handle, dst_surface->GetScaledSubRect(subrect_params),
-                     src_surface->type, read_framebuffer.handle, draw_framebuffer.handle);
-        return;
-    }
-    UNREACHABLE();
+CachedSurface::CachedSurface(const SurfaceParams& params) : params(params) {
+    texture.Create();
+    const auto& rect{params.GetRect()};
+    AllocateSurfaceTexture(texture.handle,
+                           GetFormatTuple(params.pixel_format, params.component_type),
+                           rect.GetWidth(), rect.GetHeight());
 }
 
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_SurfaceLoad, "OpenGL", "Surface Load", MP_RGB(128, 64, 192));
-void CachedSurface::LoadGLBuffer(Tegra::GPUVAddr load_start, Tegra::GPUVAddr load_end) {
-    ASSERT(type != SurfaceType::Fill);
+void CachedSurface::LoadGLBuffer() {
+    ASSERT(params.type != SurfaceType::Fill);
 
-    u8* const texture_src_data = Memory::GetPointer(GetCpuAddr());
-    if (texture_src_data == nullptr)
-        return;
+    u8* const texture_src_data = Memory::GetPointer(params.GetCpuAddr());
 
-    if (gl_buffer == nullptr) {
-        gl_buffer_size = GetActualWidth() * GetActualHeight() * GetGLBytesPerPixel(pixel_format);
-        gl_buffer.reset(new u8[gl_buffer_size]);
-    }
+    ASSERT(texture_src_data);
 
-    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_SurfaceLoad);
+    gl_buffer.resize(params.width * params.height * GetGLBytesPerPixel(params.pixel_format));
 
-    ASSERT(load_start >= addr && load_end <= end);
-    const u64 start_offset = load_start - addr;
+    MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_SurfaceLoad);
 
-    if (!is_tiled) {
-        const u32 bytes_per_pixel{GetFormatBpp() >> 3};
+    if (!params.is_tiled) {
+        const u32 bytes_per_pixel{params.GetFormatBpp() >> 3};
 
-        std::memcpy(&gl_buffer[start_offset], texture_src_data + start_offset,
-                    bytes_per_pixel * width * height);
+        std::memcpy(gl_buffer.data(), texture_src_data,
+                    bytes_per_pixel * params.width * params.height);
     } else {
-        morton_to_gl_fns[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_format)](GetActualWidth(), block_height,
-                                                            GetActualHeight(), &gl_buffer[0], addr,
-                                                            load_start, load_end);
+        morton_to_gl_fns[static_cast<size_t>(params.pixel_format)](
+            params.width, params.block_height, params.height, gl_buffer.data(), params.addr);
+    }
+
+    if (IsPixelFormatASTC(params.pixel_format)) {
+        // ASTC formats are converted to RGBA8 in software, as most PC GPUs do not support this
+        ConvertASTCToRGBA8(gl_buffer, params.pixel_format, params.width, params.height);
     }
 }
 
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_SurfaceFlush, "OpenGL", "Surface Flush", MP_RGB(128, 192, 64));
-void CachedSurface::FlushGLBuffer(Tegra::GPUVAddr flush_start, Tegra::GPUVAddr flush_end) {
-    u8* const dst_buffer = Memory::GetPointer(GetCpuAddr());
-    if (dst_buffer == nullptr)
-        return;
-
-    ASSERT(gl_buffer_size == width * height * GetGLBytesPerPixel(pixel_format));
+void CachedSurface::FlushGLBuffer() {
+    u8* const dst_buffer = Memory::GetPointer(params.GetCpuAddr());
 
-    // TODO: Should probably be done in ::Memory:: and check for other regions too
-    // same as loadglbuffer()
-    if (flush_start < Memory::VRAM_VADDR_END && flush_end > Memory::VRAM_VADDR_END)
-        flush_end = Memory::VRAM_VADDR_END;
-
-    if (flush_start < Memory::VRAM_VADDR && flush_end > Memory::VRAM_VADDR)
-        flush_start = Memory::VRAM_VADDR;
+    ASSERT(dst_buffer);
+    ASSERT(gl_buffer.size() ==
+           params.width * params.height * GetGLBytesPerPixel(params.pixel_format));
 
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_SurfaceFlush);
 
-    ASSERT(flush_start >= addr && flush_end <= end);
-    const u64 start_offset = flush_start - addr;
-    const u64 end_offset = flush_end - addr;
-
-    if (type == SurfaceType::Fill) {
-        const u64 coarse_start_offset = start_offset - (start_offset % fill_size);
-        const u64 backup_bytes = start_offset % fill_size;
-        std::array<u8, 4> backup_data;
-        if (backup_bytes)
-            std::memcpy(&backup_data[0], &dst_buffer[coarse_start_offset], backup_bytes);
-
-        for (u64 offset = coarse_start_offset; offset < end_offset; offset += fill_size) {
-            std::memcpy(&dst_buffer[offset], &fill_data[0],
-                        std::min(fill_size, end_offset - offset));
-        }
-
-        if (backup_bytes)
-            std::memcpy(&dst_buffer[coarse_start_offset], &backup_data[0], backup_bytes);
-    } else if (!is_tiled) {
-        std::memcpy(dst_buffer + start_offset, &gl_buffer[start_offset], flush_end - flush_start);
+    if (!params.is_tiled) {
+        std::memcpy(dst_buffer, gl_buffer.data(), params.size_in_bytes);
     } else {
-        gl_to_morton_fns[static_cast<size_t>(pixel_format)](
-            stride, block_height, height, &gl_buffer[0], addr, flush_start, flush_end);
+        gl_to_morton_fns[static_cast<size_t>(params.pixel_format)](
+            params.width, params.block_height, params.height, gl_buffer.data(), params.addr);
     }
 }
 
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_TextureUL, "OpenGL", "Texture Upload", MP_RGB(128, 64, 192));
-void CachedSurface::UploadGLTexture(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& rect, GLuint read_fb_handle,
-                                    GLuint draw_fb_handle) {
-    if (type == SurfaceType::Fill)
+void CachedSurface::UploadGLTexture(GLuint read_fb_handle, GLuint draw_fb_handle) {
+    if (params.type == SurfaceType::Fill)
         return;
 
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_TextureUL);
 
-    ASSERT(gl_buffer_size ==
-           GetActualWidth() * GetActualHeight() * GetGLBytesPerPixel(pixel_format));
+    ASSERT(gl_buffer.size() ==
+           params.width * params.height * GetGLBytesPerPixel(params.pixel_format));
+
+    const auto& rect{params.GetRect()};
 
     // Load data from memory to the surface
     GLint x0 = static_cast<GLint>(rect.left);
     GLint y0 = static_cast<GLint>(rect.bottom);
-    size_t buffer_offset = (y0 * stride + x0) * GetGLBytesPerPixel(pixel_format);
+    size_t buffer_offset = (y0 * params.width + x0) * GetGLBytesPerPixel(params.pixel_format);
 
-    const FormatTuple& tuple = GetFormatTuple(pixel_format, component_type);
+    const FormatTuple& tuple = GetFormatTuple(params.pixel_format, params.component_type);
     GLuint target_tex = texture.handle;
-
-    // If not 1x scale, create 1x texture that we will blit from to replace texture subrect in
-    // surface
-    OGLTexture unscaled_tex;
-    if (res_scale != 1) {
-        x0 = 0;
-        y0 = 0;
-
-        unscaled_tex.Create();
-        AllocateSurfaceTexture(unscaled_tex.handle, tuple, rect.GetWidth(), rect.GetHeight());
-        target_tex = unscaled_tex.handle;
-    }
-
     OpenGLState cur_state = OpenGLState::GetCurState();
 
     GLuint old_tex = cur_state.texture_units[0].texture_2d;
@@ -567,15 +296,15 @@ void CachedSurface::UploadGLTexture(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& rect, GLuint
     cur_state.Apply();
 
     // Ensure no bad interactions with GL_UNPACK_ALIGNMENT
-    ASSERT(stride * GetGLBytesPerPixel(pixel_format) % 4 == 0);
-    glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, static_cast<GLint>(stride));
+    ASSERT(params.width * GetGLBytesPerPixel(params.pixel_format) % 4 == 0);
+    glPixelStorei(GL_UNPACK_ROW_LENGTH, static_cast<GLint>(params.width));
 
     glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
     if (tuple.compressed) {
-        glCompressedTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, tuple.internal_format,
-                               static_cast<GLsizei>(rect.GetWidth() * GetCompresssionFactor()),
-                               static_cast<GLsizei>(rect.GetHeight() * GetCompresssionFactor()), 0,
-                               static_cast<GLsizei>(size), &gl_buffer[buffer_offset]);
+        glCompressedTexImage2D(
+            GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, tuple.internal_format, static_cast<GLsizei>(params.width),
+            static_cast<GLsizei>(params.height), 0, static_cast<GLsizei>(params.size_in_bytes),
+            &gl_buffer[buffer_offset]);
     } else {
         glTexSubImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, x0, y0, static_cast<GLsizei>(rect.GetWidth()),
                         static_cast<GLsizei>(rect.GetHeight()), tuple.format, tuple.type,
@@ -586,827 +315,238 @@ void CachedSurface::UploadGLTexture(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& rect, GLuint
 
     cur_state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = old_tex;
     cur_state.Apply();
-
-    if (res_scale != 1) {
-        auto scaled_rect = rect;
-        scaled_rect.left *= res_scale;
-        scaled_rect.top *= res_scale;
-        scaled_rect.right *= res_scale;
-        scaled_rect.bottom *= res_scale;
-
-        BlitTextures(unscaled_tex.handle, {0, rect.GetHeight(), rect.GetWidth(), 0}, texture.handle,
-                     scaled_rect, type, read_fb_handle, draw_fb_handle);
-    }
 }
 
 MICROPROFILE_DEFINE(OpenGL_TextureDL, "OpenGL", "Texture Download", MP_RGB(128, 192, 64));
-void CachedSurface::DownloadGLTexture(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& rect, GLuint read_fb_handle,
-                                      GLuint draw_fb_handle) {
-    if (type == SurfaceType::Fill)
+void CachedSurface::DownloadGLTexture(GLuint read_fb_handle, GLuint draw_fb_handle) {
+    if (params.type == SurfaceType::Fill)
         return;
 
     MICROPROFILE_SCOPE(OpenGL_TextureDL);
 
-    if (gl_buffer == nullptr) {
-        gl_buffer_size = width * height * GetGLBytesPerPixel(pixel_format);
-        gl_buffer.reset(new u8[gl_buffer_size]);
-    }
+    gl_buffer.resize(params.width * params.height * GetGLBytesPerPixel(params.pixel_format));
 
     OpenGLState state = OpenGLState::GetCurState();
     OpenGLState prev_state = state;
     SCOPE_EXIT({ prev_state.Apply(); });
 
-    const FormatTuple& tuple = GetFormatTuple(pixel_format, component_type);
+    const FormatTuple& tuple = GetFormatTuple(params.pixel_format, params.component_type);
 
     // Ensure no bad interactions with GL_PACK_ALIGNMENT
-    ASSERT(stride * GetGLBytesPerPixel(pixel_format) % 4 == 0);
-    glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH, static_cast<GLint>(stride));
-    size_t buffer_offset = (rect.bottom * stride + rect.left) * GetGLBytesPerPixel(pixel_format);
-
-    // If not 1x scale, blit scaled texture to a new 1x texture and use that to flush
-    if (res_scale != 1) {
-        auto scaled_rect = rect;
-        scaled_rect.left *= res_scale;
-        scaled_rect.top *= res_scale;
-        scaled_rect.right *= res_scale;
-        scaled_rect.bottom *= res_scale;
-
-        OGLTexture unscaled_tex;
-        unscaled_tex.Create();
-
-        MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> unscaled_tex_rect{0, rect.GetHeight(), rect.GetWidth(), 0};
-        AllocateSurfaceTexture(unscaled_tex.handle, tuple, rect.GetWidth(), rect.GetHeight());
-        BlitTextures(texture.handle, scaled_rect, unscaled_tex.handle, unscaled_tex_rect, type,
-                     read_fb_handle, draw_fb_handle);
-
-        state.texture_units[0].texture_2d = unscaled_tex.handle;
-        state.Apply();
-
-        glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-        glGetTexImage(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, tuple.format, tuple.type, &gl_buffer[buffer_offset]);
-    } else {
-        state.UnbindTexture(texture.handle);
-        state.draw.read_framebuffer = read_fb_handle;
-        state.Apply();
-
-        if (type == SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
-            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-                                   texture.handle, 0);
-            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-                                   0, 0);
-        } else if (type == SurfaceType::Depth) {
-            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
-            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-                                   texture.handle, 0);
-            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
-        } else {
-            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
-            glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
-                                   texture.handle, 0);
-        }
-        glReadPixels(static_cast<GLint>(rect.left), static_cast<GLint>(rect.bottom),
-                     static_cast<GLsizei>(rect.GetWidth()), static_cast<GLsizei>(rect.GetHeight()),
-                     tuple.format, tuple.type, &gl_buffer[buffer_offset]);
-    }
+    ASSERT(params.width * GetGLBytesPerPixel(params.pixel_format) % 4 == 0);
+    glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH, static_cast<GLint>(params.width));
 
-    glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
-}
-
-enum class MatchFlags {
-    None = 0,
-    Invalid = 1,      // Flag that can be applied to other match types, invalid matches require
-                      // validation before they can be used
-    Exact = 1 << 1,   // Surfaces perfectly match
-    SubRect = 1 << 2, // Surface encompasses params
-    Copy = 1 << 3,    // Surface we can copy from
-    Expand = 1 << 4,  // Surface that can expand params
-    TexCopy = 1 << 5  // Surface that will match a display transfer "texture copy" parameters
-};
-
-constexpr MatchFlags operator|(MatchFlags lhs, MatchFlags rhs) {
-    return static_cast<MatchFlags>(static_cast<int>(lhs) | static_cast<int>(rhs));
-}
+    const auto& rect{params.GetRect()};
+    size_t buffer_offset =
+        (rect.bottom * params.width + rect.left) * GetGLBytesPerPixel(params.pixel_format);
 
-constexpr MatchFlags operator&(MatchFlags lhs, MatchFlags rhs) {
-    return static_cast<MatchFlags>(static_cast<int>(lhs) & static_cast<int>(rhs));
-}
+    state.UnbindTexture(texture.handle);
+    state.draw.read_framebuffer = read_fb_handle;
+    state.Apply();
 
-/// Get the best surface match (and its match type) for the given flags
-template <MatchFlags find_flags>
-Surface FindMatch(const SurfaceCache& surface_cache, const SurfaceParams& params,
-                  ScaleMatch match_scale_type,
-                  boost::optional<SurfaceInterval> validate_interval = boost::none) {
-    Surface match_surface = nullptr;
-    bool match_valid = false;
-    u32 match_scale = 0;
-    SurfaceInterval match_interval{};
-
-    for (auto& pair : RangeFromInterval(surface_cache, params.GetInterval())) {
-        for (auto& surface : pair.second) {
-            bool res_scale_matched = match_scale_type == ScaleMatch::Exact
-                                         ? (params.res_scale == surface->res_scale)
-                                         : (params.res_scale <= surface->res_scale);
-            // validity will be checked in GetCopyableInterval
-            bool is_valid =
-                (find_flags & MatchFlags::Copy) != MatchFlags::None
-                    ? true
-                    : surface->IsRegionValid(validate_interval.value_or(params.GetInterval()));
-
-            if ((find_flags & MatchFlags::Invalid) == MatchFlags::None && !is_valid)
-                continue;
-
-            auto IsMatch_Helper = [&](auto check_type, auto match_fn) {
-                if ((find_flags & check_type) == MatchFlags::None)
-                    return;
-
-                bool matched;
-                SurfaceInterval surface_interval;
-                std::tie(matched, surface_interval) = match_fn();
-                if (!matched)
-                    return;
-
-                if (!res_scale_matched && match_scale_type != ScaleMatch::Ignore &&
-                    surface->type != SurfaceType::Fill)
-                    return;
-
-                // Found a match, update only if this is better than the previous one
-                auto UpdateMatch = [&] {
-                    match_surface = surface;
-                    match_valid = is_valid;
-                    match_scale = surface->res_scale;
-                    match_interval = surface_interval;
-                };
-
-                if (surface->res_scale > match_scale) {
-                    UpdateMatch();
-                    return;
-                } else if (surface->res_scale < match_scale) {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                if (is_valid && !match_valid) {
-                    UpdateMatch();
-                    return;
-                } else if (is_valid != match_valid) {
-                    return;
-                }
-
-                if (boost::icl::length(surface_interval) > boost::icl::length(match_interval)) {
-                    UpdateMatch();
-                }
-            };
-            IsMatch_Helper(std::integral_constant<MatchFlags, MatchFlags::Exact>{}, [&] {
-                return std::make_pair(surface->ExactMatch(params), surface->GetInterval());
-            });
-            IsMatch_Helper(std::integral_constant<MatchFlags, MatchFlags::SubRect>{}, [&] {
-                return std::make_pair(surface->CanSubRect(params), surface->GetInterval());
-            });
-            IsMatch_Helper(std::integral_constant<MatchFlags, MatchFlags::Copy>{}, [&] {
-                auto copy_interval =
-                    params.FromInterval(*validate_interval).GetCopyableInterval(surface);
-                bool matched = boost::icl::length(copy_interval & *validate_interval) != 0 &&
-                               surface->CanCopy(params, copy_interval);
-                return std::make_pair(matched, copy_interval);
-            });
-            IsMatch_Helper(std::integral_constant<MatchFlags, MatchFlags::Expand>{}, [&] {
-                return std::make_pair(surface->CanExpand(params), surface->GetInterval());
-            });
-            IsMatch_Helper(std::integral_constant<MatchFlags, MatchFlags::TexCopy>{}, [&] {
-                return std::make_pair(surface->CanTexCopy(params), surface->GetInterval());
-            });
-        }
+    if (params.type == SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
+        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+                               texture.handle, 0);
+        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0,
+                               0);
+    } else if (params.type == SurfaceType::Depth) {
+        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
+        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+                               texture.handle, 0);
+        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
+    } else {
+        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
+        glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D,
+                               texture.handle, 0);
     }
-    return match_surface;
+    glReadPixels(static_cast<GLint>(rect.left), static_cast<GLint>(rect.bottom),
+                 static_cast<GLsizei>(rect.GetWidth()), static_cast<GLsizei>(rect.GetHeight()),
+                 tuple.format, tuple.type, &gl_buffer[buffer_offset]);
+
+    glPixelStorei(GL_PACK_ROW_LENGTH, 0);
 }
 
 RasterizerCacheOpenGL::RasterizerCacheOpenGL() {
     read_framebuffer.Create();
     draw_framebuffer.Create();
-
-    attributeless_vao.Create();
-
-    d24s8_abgr_buffer.Create();
-    d24s8_abgr_buffer_size = 0;
-
-    const char* vs_source = R"(
-#version 330 core
-const vec2 vertices[4] = vec2[4](vec2(-1.0, -1.0), vec2(1.0, -1.0), vec2(-1.0, 1.0), vec2(1.0, 1.0));
-void main() {
-    gl_Position = vec4(vertices[gl_VertexID], 0.0, 1.0);
-}
-)";
-    const char* fs_source = R"(
-#version 330 core
-
-uniform samplerBuffer tbo;
-uniform vec2 tbo_size;
-uniform vec4 viewport;
-
-out vec4 color;
-
-void main() {
-    vec2 tbo_coord = (gl_FragCoord.xy - viewport.xy) * tbo_size / viewport.zw;
-    int tbo_offset = int(tbo_coord.y) * int(tbo_size.x) + int(tbo_coord.x);
-    color = texelFetch(tbo, tbo_offset).rabg;
-}
-)";
-    d24s8_abgr_shader.CreateFromSource(vs_source, nullptr, fs_source);
-
-    OpenGLState state = OpenGLState::GetCurState();
-    GLuint old_program = state.draw.shader_program;
-    state.draw.shader_program = d24s8_abgr_shader.handle;
-    state.Apply();
-
-    GLint tbo_u_id = glGetUniformLocation(d24s8_abgr_shader.handle, "tbo");
-    ASSERT(tbo_u_id != -1);
-    glUniform1i(tbo_u_id, 0);
-
-    state.draw.shader_program = old_program;
-    state.Apply();
-
-    d24s8_abgr_tbo_size_u_id = glGetUniformLocation(d24s8_abgr_shader.handle, "tbo_size");
-    ASSERT(d24s8_abgr_tbo_size_u_id != -1);
-    d24s8_abgr_viewport_u_id = glGetUniformLocation(d24s8_abgr_shader.handle, "viewport");
-    ASSERT(d24s8_abgr_viewport_u_id != -1);
 }
 
 RasterizerCacheOpenGL::~RasterizerCacheOpenGL() {
-    FlushAll();
-    while (!surface_cache.empty())
-        UnregisterSurface(*surface_cache.begin()->second.begin());
-}
-
-bool RasterizerCacheOpenGL::BlitSurfaces(const Surface& src_surface,
-                                         const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& src_rect,
-                                         const Surface& dst_surface,
-                                         const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& dst_rect) {
-    if (!SurfaceParams::CheckFormatsBlittable(src_surface->pixel_format, dst_surface->pixel_format))
-        return false;
-
-    return BlitTextures(src_surface->texture.handle, src_rect, dst_surface->texture.handle,
-                        dst_rect, src_surface->type, read_framebuffer.handle,
-                        draw_framebuffer.handle);
-}
-
-void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::ConvertD24S8toABGR(GLuint src_tex,
-                                               const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& src_rect,
-                                               GLuint dst_tex,
-                                               const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& dst_rect) {
-    OpenGLState prev_state = OpenGLState::GetCurState();
-    SCOPE_EXIT({ prev_state.Apply(); });
-
-    OpenGLState state;
-    state.draw.read_framebuffer = read_framebuffer.handle;
-    state.draw.draw_framebuffer = draw_framebuffer.handle;
-    state.Apply();
-
-    glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, d24s8_abgr_buffer.handle);
-
-    GLsizeiptr target_pbo_size = src_rect.GetWidth() * src_rect.GetHeight() * 4;
-    if (target_pbo_size > d24s8_abgr_buffer_size) {
-        d24s8_abgr_buffer_size = target_pbo_size * 2;
-        glBufferData(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, d24s8_abgr_buffer_size, nullptr, GL_STREAM_COPY);
-    }
-
-    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
-    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_READ_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, src_tex,
-                           0);
-    glReadPixels(static_cast<GLint>(src_rect.left), static_cast<GLint>(src_rect.bottom),
-                 static_cast<GLsizei>(src_rect.GetWidth()),
-                 static_cast<GLsizei>(src_rect.GetHeight()), GL_DEPTH_STENCIL, GL_UNSIGNED_INT_24_8,
-                 0);
-
-    glBindBuffer(GL_PIXEL_PACK_BUFFER, 0);
-
-    // PBO now contains src_tex in RABG format
-    state.draw.shader_program = d24s8_abgr_shader.handle;
-    state.draw.vertex_array = attributeless_vao.handle;
-    state.viewport.x = static_cast<GLint>(dst_rect.left);
-    state.viewport.y = static_cast<GLint>(dst_rect.bottom);
-    state.viewport.width = static_cast<GLsizei>(dst_rect.GetWidth());
-    state.viewport.height = static_cast<GLsizei>(dst_rect.GetHeight());
-    state.Apply();
-
-    OGLTexture tbo;
-    tbo.Create();
-    glActiveTexture(GL_TEXTURE0);
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, tbo.handle);
-    glTexBuffer(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, GL_RGBA8, d24s8_abgr_buffer.handle);
-
-    glUniform2f(d24s8_abgr_tbo_size_u_id, static_cast<GLfloat>(src_rect.GetWidth()),
-                static_cast<GLfloat>(src_rect.GetHeight()));
-    glUniform4f(d24s8_abgr_viewport_u_id, static_cast<GLfloat>(state.viewport.x),
-                static_cast<GLfloat>(state.viewport.y), static_cast<GLfloat>(state.viewport.width),
-                static_cast<GLfloat>(state.viewport.height));
-
-    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_COLOR_ATTACHMENT0, GL_TEXTURE_2D, dst_tex, 0);
-    glFramebufferTexture2D(GL_DRAW_FRAMEBUFFER, GL_DEPTH_STENCIL_ATTACHMENT, GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 0);
-    glDrawArrays(GL_TRIANGLE_STRIP, 0, 4);
-
-    glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_BUFFER, 0);
-}
-
-Surface RasterizerCacheOpenGL::GetSurface(const SurfaceParams& params, ScaleMatch match_res_scale,
-                                          bool load_if_create) {
-    if (params.addr == 0 || params.height * params.width == 0) {
-        return nullptr;
-    }
-    // Use GetSurfaceSubRect instead
-    ASSERT(params.width == params.stride);
-
-    // Check for an exact match in existing surfaces
-    Surface surface =
-        FindMatch<MatchFlags::Exact | MatchFlags::Invalid>(surface_cache, params, match_res_scale);
-
-    if (surface == nullptr) {
-        u16 target_res_scale = params.res_scale;
-        if (match_res_scale != ScaleMatch::Exact) {
-            // This surface may have a subrect of another surface with a higher res_scale, find it
-            // to adjust our params
-            SurfaceParams find_params = params;
-            Surface expandable = FindMatch<MatchFlags::Expand | MatchFlags::Invalid>(
-                surface_cache, find_params, match_res_scale);
-            if (expandable != nullptr && expandable->res_scale > target_res_scale) {
-                target_res_scale = expandable->res_scale;
-            }
-        }
-        SurfaceParams new_params = params;
-        new_params.res_scale = target_res_scale;
-        surface = CreateSurface(new_params);
-        RegisterSurface(surface);
+    while (!surface_cache.empty()) {
+        UnregisterSurface(surface_cache.begin()->second);
     }
-
-    if (load_if_create) {
-        ValidateSurface(surface, params.addr, params.size);
-    }
-
-    return surface;
-}
-
-boost::optional<Tegra::GPUVAddr> RasterizerCacheOpenGL::TryFindFramebufferGpuAddress(
-    VAddr cpu_addr) const {
-    // Tries to find the GPU address of a framebuffer based on the CPU address. This is because
-    // final output framebuffers are specified by CPU address, but internally our GPU cache uses GPU
-    // addresses. We iterate through all cached framebuffers, and compare their starting CPU address
-    // to the one provided. This is obviously not great, and won't work if the framebuffer overlaps
-    // surfaces.
-
-    std::vector<Tegra::GPUVAddr> gpu_addresses;
-    for (const auto& pair : surface_cache) {
-        for (const auto& surface : pair.second) {
-            const VAddr surface_cpu_addr = surface->GetCpuAddr();
-            if (cpu_addr >= surface_cpu_addr && cpu_addr < (surface_cpu_addr + surface->size)) {
-                ASSERT_MSG(cpu_addr == surface_cpu_addr, "overlapping surfaces are unsupported");
-                gpu_addresses.push_back(surface->addr);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (gpu_addresses.empty()) {
-        return {};
-    }
-
-    ASSERT_MSG(gpu_addresses.size() == 1, ">1 surface is unsupported");
-    return gpu_addresses[0];
-}
-
-SurfaceRect_Tuple RasterizerCacheOpenGL::GetSurfaceSubRect(const SurfaceParams& params,
-                                                           ScaleMatch match_res_scale,
-                                                           bool load_if_create) {
-    if (params.addr == 0 || params.height * params.width == 0) {
-        return std::make_tuple(nullptr, MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>{});
-    }
-
-    // Attempt to find encompassing surface
-    Surface surface = FindMatch<MatchFlags::SubRect | MatchFlags::Invalid>(surface_cache, params,
-                                                                           match_res_scale);
-
-    // Check if FindMatch failed because of res scaling
-    // If that's the case create a new surface with
-    // the dimensions of the lower res_scale surface
-    // to suggest it should not be used again
-    if (surface == nullptr && match_res_scale != ScaleMatch::Ignore) {
-        surface = FindMatch<MatchFlags::SubRect | MatchFlags::Invalid>(surface_cache, params,
-                                                                       ScaleMatch::Ignore);
-        if (surface != nullptr) {
-            ASSERT(surface->res_scale < params.res_scale);
-            SurfaceParams new_params = *surface;
-            new_params.res_scale = params.res_scale;
-
-            surface = CreateSurface(new_params);
-            RegisterSurface(surface);
-        }
-    }
-
-    SurfaceParams aligned_params = params;
-    if (params.is_tiled) {
-        aligned_params.height = Common::AlignUp(params.height, 8);
-        aligned_params.width = Common::AlignUp(params.width, 8);
-        aligned_params.stride = Common::AlignUp(params.stride, 8);
-        aligned_params.UpdateParams();
-    }
-
-    // Check for a surface we can expand before creating a new one
-    if (surface == nullptr) {
-        surface = FindMatch<MatchFlags::Expand | MatchFlags::Invalid>(surface_cache, aligned_params,
-                                                                      match_res_scale);
-        if (surface != nullptr) {
-            aligned_params.width = aligned_params.stride;
-            aligned_params.UpdateParams();
-
-            SurfaceParams new_params = *surface;
-            new_params.addr = std::min(aligned_params.addr, surface->addr);
-            new_params.end = std::max(aligned_params.end, surface->end);
-            new_params.size = new_params.end - new_params.addr;
-            new_params.height = static_cast<u32>(
-                new_params.size / aligned_params.BytesInPixels(aligned_params.stride));
-            ASSERT(new_params.size % aligned_params.BytesInPixels(aligned_params.stride) == 0);
-
-            Surface new_surface = CreateSurface(new_params);
-            DuplicateSurface(surface, new_surface);
-
-            // Delete the expanded surface, this can't be done safely yet
-            // because it may still be in use
-            remove_surfaces.emplace(surface);
-
-            surface = new_surface;
-            RegisterSurface(new_surface);
-        }
-    }
-
-    // No subrect found - create and return a new surface
-    if (surface == nullptr) {
-        SurfaceParams new_params = aligned_params;
-        // Can't have gaps in a surface
-        new_params.width = aligned_params.stride;
-        new_params.UpdateParams();
-        // GetSurface will create the new surface and possibly adjust res_scale if necessary
-        surface = GetSurface(new_params, match_res_scale, load_if_create);
-    } else if (load_if_create) {
-        ValidateSurface(surface, aligned_params.addr, aligned_params.size);
-    }
-
-    return std::make_tuple(surface, surface->GetScaledSubRect(params));
 }
 
 Surface RasterizerCacheOpenGL::GetTextureSurface(const Tegra::Texture::FullTextureInfo& config) {
-    auto& gpu = Core::System::GetInstance().GPU();
-
-    SurfaceParams params;
-    params.addr = config.tic.Address();
-    params.is_tiled = config.tic.IsTiled();
-    params.pixel_format = SurfaceParams::PixelFormatFromTextureFormat(config.tic.format);
-
-    params.width = Common::AlignUp(config.tic.Width(), params.GetCompresssionFactor()) /
-                   params.GetCompresssionFactor();
-    params.height = Common::AlignUp(config.tic.Height(), params.GetCompresssionFactor()) /
-                    params.GetCompresssionFactor();
-
-    // TODO(Subv): Different types per component are not supported.
-    ASSERT(config.tic.r_type.Value() == config.tic.g_type.Value() &&
-           config.tic.r_type.Value() == config.tic.b_type.Value() &&
-           config.tic.r_type.Value() == config.tic.a_type.Value());
-
-    params.component_type = SurfaceParams::ComponentTypeFromTexture(config.tic.r_type.Value());
-
-    if (config.tic.IsTiled()) {
-        params.block_height = config.tic.BlockHeight();
-
-        // TODO(bunnei): The below align up is a hack. This is here because some compressed textures
-        // are not a multiple of their own compression factor, and so this accounts for that. This
-        // could potentially result in an extra row of 4px being decoded if a texture is not a
-        // multiple of 4.
-        params.width = Common::AlignUp(params.width, 4);
-        params.height = Common::AlignUp(params.height, 4);
-    } else {
-        // Use the texture-provided stride value if the texture isn't tiled.
-        params.stride = static_cast<u32>(params.PixelsInBytes(config.tic.Pitch()));
-    }
-
-    params.UpdateParams();
-
-    return GetSurface(params, ScaleMatch::Ignore, true);
+    return GetSurface(SurfaceParams::CreateForTexture(config));
 }
 
 SurfaceSurfaceRect_Tuple RasterizerCacheOpenGL::GetFramebufferSurfaces(
     bool using_color_fb, bool using_depth_fb, const MathUtil::Rectangle<s32>& viewport) {
     const auto& regs = Core::System().GetInstance().GPU().Maxwell3D().regs;
-    const auto& config = regs.rt[0];
 
     // TODO(bunnei): This is hard corded to use just the first render buffer
     NGLOG_WARNING(Render_OpenGL, "hard-coded for render target 0!");
 
-    // update resolution_scale_factor and reset cache if changed
-    // TODO (bunnei): This code was ported as-is from Citra, and is technically not thread-safe. We
-    // need to fix this before making the renderer multi-threaded.
-    static u16 resolution_scale_factor = GetResolutionScaleFactor();
-    if (resolution_scale_factor != GetResolutionScaleFactor()) {
-        resolution_scale_factor = GetResolutionScaleFactor();
-        FlushAll();
-        while (!surface_cache.empty())
-            UnregisterSurface(*surface_cache.begin()->second.begin());
-    }
-
-    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> viewport_clamped{
-        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp(viewport.left, 0, static_cast<s32>(config.width))),
-        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp(viewport.top, 0, static_cast<s32>(config.height))),
-        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp(viewport.right, 0, static_cast<s32>(config.width))),
-        static_cast<u32>(std::clamp(viewport.bottom, 0, static_cast<s32>(config.height)))};
-
     // get color and depth surfaces
-    SurfaceParams color_params;
-    color_params.is_tiled = true;
-    color_params.res_scale = resolution_scale_factor;
-    color_params.width = config.width;
-    color_params.height = config.height;
-    // TODO(Subv): Can framebuffers use a different block height?
-    color_params.block_height = Tegra::Texture::TICEntry::DefaultBlockHeight;
-    SurfaceParams depth_params = color_params;
-
-    color_params.addr = config.Address();
-    color_params.pixel_format = SurfaceParams::PixelFormatFromRenderTargetFormat(config.format);
-    color_params.component_type = SurfaceParams::ComponentTypeFromRenderTarget(config.format);
-    color_params.UpdateParams();
+    const SurfaceParams color_params{SurfaceParams::CreateForFramebuffer(regs.rt[0])};
+    const SurfaceParams depth_params{color_params};
 
     ASSERT_MSG(!using_depth_fb, "depth buffer is unimplemented");
-    // depth_params.addr = config.GetDepthBufferPhysicalAddress();
-    // depth_params.pixel_format = SurfaceParams::PixelFormatFromDepthFormat(config.depth_format);
-    // depth_params.UpdateParams();
-
-    auto color_vp_interval = color_params.GetSubRectInterval(viewport_clamped);
-    auto depth_vp_interval = depth_params.GetSubRectInterval(viewport_clamped);
-
-    // Make sure that framebuffers don't overlap if both color and depth are being used
-    if (using_color_fb && using_depth_fb &&
-        boost::icl::length(color_vp_interval & depth_vp_interval)) {
-        NGLOG_CRITICAL(Render_OpenGL, "Color and depth framebuffer memory regions overlap; "
-                                      "overlapping framebuffers not supported!");
-        using_depth_fb = false;
-    }
 
     MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> color_rect{};
-    Surface color_surface = nullptr;
-    if (using_color_fb)
-        std::tie(color_surface, color_rect) =
-            GetSurfaceSubRect(color_params, ScaleMatch::Exact, false);
+    Surface color_surface;
+    if (using_color_fb) {
+        color_surface = GetSurface(color_params);
+        if (color_surface) {
+            color_rect = color_surface->GetSurfaceParams().GetRect();
+        }
+    }
 
     MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> depth_rect{};
-    Surface depth_surface = nullptr;
-    if (using_depth_fb)
-        std::tie(depth_surface, depth_rect) =
-            GetSurfaceSubRect(depth_params, ScaleMatch::Exact, false);
+    Surface depth_surface;
+    if (using_depth_fb) {
+        depth_surface = GetSurface(depth_params);
+        if (depth_surface) {
+            depth_rect = depth_surface->GetSurfaceParams().GetRect();
+        }
+    }
 
     MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> fb_rect{};
-    if (color_surface != nullptr && depth_surface != nullptr) {
+    if (color_surface && depth_surface) {
         fb_rect = color_rect;
         // Color and Depth surfaces must have the same dimensions and offsets
         if (color_rect.bottom != depth_rect.bottom || color_rect.top != depth_rect.top ||
             color_rect.left != depth_rect.left || color_rect.right != depth_rect.right) {
-            color_surface = GetSurface(color_params, ScaleMatch::Exact, false);
-            depth_surface = GetSurface(depth_params, ScaleMatch::Exact, false);
-            fb_rect = color_surface->GetScaledRect();
+            color_surface = GetSurface(color_params);
+            depth_surface = GetSurface(depth_params);
+            fb_rect = color_surface->GetSurfaceParams().GetRect();
         }
-    } else if (color_surface != nullptr) {
+    } else if (color_surface) {
         fb_rect = color_rect;
-    } else if (depth_surface != nullptr) {
+    } else if (depth_surface) {
         fb_rect = depth_rect;
     }
 
-    if (color_surface != nullptr) {
-        ValidateSurface(color_surface, boost::icl::first(color_vp_interval),
-                        boost::icl::length(color_vp_interval));
-    }
-    if (depth_surface != nullptr) {
-        ValidateSurface(depth_surface, boost::icl::first(depth_vp_interval),
-                        boost::icl::length(depth_vp_interval));
-    }
-
     return std::make_tuple(color_surface, depth_surface, fb_rect);
 }
 
-Surface RasterizerCacheOpenGL::GetFillSurface(const void* config) {
-    UNREACHABLE();
-    return {};
+void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::LoadSurface(const Surface& surface) {
+    surface->LoadGLBuffer();
+    surface->UploadGLTexture(read_framebuffer.handle, draw_framebuffer.handle);
 }
 
-SurfaceRect_Tuple RasterizerCacheOpenGL::GetTexCopySurface(const SurfaceParams& params) {
-    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> rect{};
-
-    Surface match_surface = FindMatch<MatchFlags::TexCopy | MatchFlags::Invalid>(
-        surface_cache, params, ScaleMatch::Ignore);
-
-    if (match_surface != nullptr) {
-        ValidateSurface(match_surface, params.addr, params.size);
-
-        SurfaceParams match_subrect;
-        if (params.width != params.stride) {
-            const u32 tiled_size = match_surface->is_tiled ? 8 : 1;
-            match_subrect = params;
-            match_subrect.width =
-                static_cast<u32>(match_surface->PixelsInBytes(params.width) / tiled_size);
-            match_subrect.stride =
-                static_cast<u32>(match_surface->PixelsInBytes(params.stride) / tiled_size);
-            match_subrect.height *= tiled_size;
-        } else {
-            match_subrect = match_surface->FromInterval(params.GetInterval());
-            ASSERT(match_subrect.GetInterval() == params.GetInterval());
-        }
-
-        rect = match_surface->GetScaledSubRect(match_subrect);
+void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::MarkSurfaceAsDirty(const Surface& surface) {
+    if (Settings::values.use_accurate_framebuffers) {
+        // If enabled, always flush dirty surfaces
+        surface->DownloadGLTexture(read_framebuffer.handle, draw_framebuffer.handle);
+        surface->FlushGLBuffer();
+    } else {
+        // Otherwise, don't mark surfaces that we write to as cached, because the resulting loads
+        // and flushes are very slow and do not seem to improve accuracy
+        const auto& params{surface->GetSurfaceParams()};
+        Memory::RasterizerMarkRegionCached(params.addr, params.size_in_bytes, false);
     }
-
-    return std::make_tuple(match_surface, rect);
 }
 
-void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::DuplicateSurface(const Surface& src_surface,
-                                             const Surface& dest_surface) {
-    ASSERT(dest_surface->addr <= src_surface->addr && dest_surface->end >= src_surface->end);
-
-    BlitSurfaces(src_surface, src_surface->GetScaledRect(), dest_surface,
-                 dest_surface->GetScaledSubRect(*src_surface));
-
-    dest_surface->invalid_regions -= src_surface->GetInterval();
-    dest_surface->invalid_regions += src_surface->invalid_regions;
+Surface RasterizerCacheOpenGL::GetSurface(const SurfaceParams& params) {
+    if (params.addr == 0 || params.height * params.width == 0) {
+        return {};
+    }
 
-    SurfaceRegions regions;
-    for (auto& pair : RangeFromInterval(dirty_regions, src_surface->GetInterval())) {
-        if (pair.second == src_surface) {
-            regions += pair.first;
+    // Check for an exact match in existing surfaces
+    const auto& surface_key{SurfaceKey::Create(params)};
+    const auto& search{surface_cache.find(surface_key)};
+    Surface surface;
+    if (search != surface_cache.end()) {
+        surface = search->second;
+        if (Settings::values.use_accurate_framebuffers) {
+            // Reload the surface from Switch memory
+            LoadSurface(surface);
         }
+    } else {
+        surface = std::make_shared<CachedSurface>(params);
+        RegisterSurface(surface);
+        LoadSurface(surface);
     }
-    for (auto& interval : regions) {
-        dirty_regions.set({interval, dest_surface});
-    }
-}
-
-void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::ValidateSurface(const Surface& surface, Tegra::GPUVAddr addr,
-                                            u64 size) {
-    if (size == 0)
-        return;
-
-    const SurfaceInterval validate_interval(addr, addr + size);
 
-    if (surface->type == SurfaceType::Fill) {
-        // Sanity check, fill surfaces will always be valid when used
-        ASSERT(surface->IsRegionValid(validate_interval));
-        return;
-    }
+    return surface;
+}
 
-    while (true) {
-        const auto it = surface->invalid_regions.find(validate_interval);
-        if (it == surface->invalid_regions.end())
-            break;
-
-        const auto interval = *it & validate_interval;
-        // Look for a valid surface to copy from
-        SurfaceParams params = *surface;
-
-        Surface copy_surface =
-            FindMatch<MatchFlags::Copy>(surface_cache, params, ScaleMatch::Ignore, interval);
-        if (copy_surface != nullptr) {
-            SurfaceInterval copy_interval = params.GetCopyableInterval(copy_surface);
-            CopySurface(copy_surface, surface, copy_interval);
-            surface->invalid_regions.erase(copy_interval);
-            continue;
+Surface RasterizerCacheOpenGL::TryFindFramebufferSurface(VAddr cpu_addr) const {
+    // Tries to find the GPU address of a framebuffer based on the CPU address. This is because
+    // final output framebuffers are specified by CPU address, but internally our GPU cache uses
+    // GPU addresses. We iterate through all cached framebuffers, and compare their starting CPU
+    // address to the one provided. This is obviously not great, and won't work if the
+    // framebuffer overlaps surfaces.
+
+    std::vector<Surface> surfaces;
+    for (const auto& surface : surface_cache) {
+        const auto& params = surface.second->GetSurfaceParams();
+        const VAddr surface_cpu_addr = params.GetCpuAddr();
+        if (cpu_addr >= surface_cpu_addr && cpu_addr < (surface_cpu_addr + params.size_in_bytes)) {
+            ASSERT_MSG(cpu_addr == surface_cpu_addr, "overlapping surfaces are unsupported");
+            surfaces.push_back(surface.second);
         }
-
-        // Load data from Switch memory
-        FlushRegion(params.addr, params.size);
-        surface->LoadGLBuffer(params.addr, params.end);
-        surface->UploadGLTexture(surface->GetSubRect(params), read_framebuffer.handle,
-                                 draw_framebuffer.handle);
-        surface->invalid_regions.erase(params.GetInterval());
     }
-}
 
-void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::FlushRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size, Surface flush_surface) {
-    if (size == 0)
-        return;
+    if (surfaces.empty()) {
+        return {};
+    }
 
-    const SurfaceInterval flush_interval(addr, addr + size);
-    SurfaceRegions flushed_intervals;
+    ASSERT_MSG(surfaces.size() == 1, ">1 surface is unsupported");
 
-    for (auto& pair : RangeFromInterval(dirty_regions, flush_interval)) {
-        // small sizes imply that this most likely comes from the cpu, flush the entire region
-        // the point is to avoid thousands of small writes every frame if the cpu decides to access
-        // that region, anything higher than 8 you're guaranteed it comes from a service
-        const auto interval = size <= 8 ? pair.first : pair.first & flush_interval;
-        auto& surface = pair.second;
+    return surfaces[0];
+}
 
-        if (flush_surface != nullptr && surface != flush_surface)
-            continue;
+void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::FlushRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr /*addr*/, size_t /*size*/) {
+    // TODO(bunnei): This is unused in the current implementation of the rasterizer cache. We should
+    // probably implement this in the future, but for now, the `use_accurate_framebufers` setting
+    // can be used to always flush.
+}
 
-        // Sanity check, this surface is the last one that marked this region dirty
-        ASSERT(surface->IsRegionValid(interval));
+void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::InvalidateRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, size_t size) {
+    for (const auto& pair : surface_cache) {
+        const auto& surface{pair.second};
+        const auto& params{surface->GetSurfaceParams()};
 
-        if (surface->type != SurfaceType::Fill) {
-            SurfaceParams params = surface->FromInterval(interval);
-            surface->DownloadGLTexture(surface->GetSubRect(params), read_framebuffer.handle,
-                                       draw_framebuffer.handle);
+        if (params.IsOverlappingRegion(addr, size)) {
+            UnregisterSurface(surface);
         }
-        surface->FlushGLBuffer(boost::icl::first(interval), boost::icl::last_next(interval));
-        flushed_intervals += interval;
     }
-    // Reset dirty regions
-    dirty_regions -= flushed_intervals;
 }
 
-void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::FlushAll() {
-    FlushRegion(0, Kernel::VMManager::MAX_ADDRESS);
-}
+void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::RegisterSurface(const Surface& surface) {
+    const auto& params{surface->GetSurfaceParams()};
+    const auto& surface_key{SurfaceKey::Create(params)};
+    const auto& search{surface_cache.find(surface_key)};
 
-void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::InvalidateRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size,
-                                             const Surface& region_owner) {
-    if (size == 0)
+    if (search != surface_cache.end()) {
+        // Registered already
         return;
-
-    const SurfaceInterval invalid_interval(addr, addr + size);
-
-    if (region_owner != nullptr) {
-        ASSERT(addr >= region_owner->addr && addr + size <= region_owner->end);
-        // Surfaces can't have a gap
-        ASSERT(region_owner->width == region_owner->stride);
-        region_owner->invalid_regions.erase(invalid_interval);
     }
 
-    for (auto& pair : RangeFromInterval(surface_cache, invalid_interval)) {
-        for (auto& cached_surface : pair.second) {
-            if (cached_surface == region_owner)
-                continue;
-
-            // If cpu is invalidating this region we want to remove it
-            // to (likely) mark the memory pages as uncached
-            if (region_owner == nullptr && size <= 8) {
-                FlushRegion(cached_surface->addr, cached_surface->size, cached_surface);
-                remove_surfaces.emplace(cached_surface);
-                continue;
-            }
-
-            const auto interval = cached_surface->GetInterval() & invalid_interval;
-            cached_surface->invalid_regions.insert(interval);
-
-            // Remove only "empty" fill surfaces to avoid destroying and recreating OGL textures
-            if (cached_surface->type == SurfaceType::Fill &&
-                cached_surface->IsSurfaceFullyInvalid()) {
-                remove_surfaces.emplace(cached_surface);
-            }
-        }
-    }
-
-    if (region_owner != nullptr)
-        dirty_regions.set({invalid_interval, region_owner});
-    else
-        dirty_regions.erase(invalid_interval);
-
-    for (auto& remove_surface : remove_surfaces) {
-        if (remove_surface == region_owner) {
-            Surface expanded_surface = FindMatch<MatchFlags::SubRect | MatchFlags::Invalid>(
-                surface_cache, *region_owner, ScaleMatch::Ignore);
-            ASSERT(expanded_surface);
-
-            if ((region_owner->invalid_regions - expanded_surface->invalid_regions).empty()) {
-                DuplicateSurface(region_owner, expanded_surface);
-            } else {
-                continue;
-            }
-        }
-        UnregisterSurface(remove_surface);
-    }
-
-    remove_surfaces.clear();
+    surface_cache[surface_key] = surface;
+    UpdatePagesCachedCount(params.addr, params.size_in_bytes, 1);
 }
 
-Surface RasterizerCacheOpenGL::CreateSurface(const SurfaceParams& params) {
-    Surface surface = std::make_shared<CachedSurface>();
-    static_cast<SurfaceParams&>(*surface) = params;
-
-    surface->texture.Create();
-
-    surface->gl_buffer_size = 0;
-    surface->invalid_regions.insert(surface->GetInterval());
-    AllocateSurfaceTexture(surface->texture.handle,
-                           GetFormatTuple(surface->pixel_format, surface->component_type),
-                           surface->GetScaledWidth(), surface->GetScaledHeight());
-
-    return surface;
-}
+void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::UnregisterSurface(const Surface& surface) {
+    const auto& params{surface->GetSurfaceParams()};
+    const auto& surface_key{SurfaceKey::Create(params)};
+    const auto& search{surface_cache.find(surface_key)};
 
-void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::RegisterSurface(const Surface& surface) {
-    if (surface->registered) {
+    if (search == surface_cache.end()) {
+        // Unregistered already
         return;
     }
-    surface->registered = true;
-    surface_cache.add({surface->GetInterval(), SurfaceSet{surface}});
-    UpdatePagesCachedCount(surface->addr, surface->size, 1);
+
+    UpdatePagesCachedCount(params.addr, params.size_in_bytes, -1);
+    surface_cache.erase(search);
 }
 
-void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::UnregisterSurface(const Surface& surface) {
-    if (!surface->registered) {
-        return;
-    }
-    surface->registered = false;
-    UpdatePagesCachedCount(surface->addr, surface->size, -1);
-    surface_cache.subtract({surface->GetInterval(), SurfaceSet{surface}});
+template <typename Map, typename Interval>
+constexpr auto RangeFromInterval(Map& map, const Interval& interval) {
+    return boost::make_iterator_range(map.equal_range(interval));
 }
 
 void RasterizerCacheOpenGL::UpdatePagesCachedCount(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size, int delta) {
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h
index 9da945e19..85e7c8888 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_rasterizer_cache.h
@@ -1,57 +1,26 @@
-// Copyright 2015 Citra Emulator Project
+// Copyright 2018 yuzu Emulator Project
 // Licensed under GPLv2 or any later version
 // Refer to the license.txt file included.
 
 #pragma once
 
 #include <array>
+#include <map>
 #include <memory>
-#include <set>
-#include <tuple>
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-#pragma GCC diagnostic push
-#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wunused-local-typedefs"
-#endif
+#include <vector>
 #include <boost/icl/interval_map.hpp>
-#include <boost/icl/interval_set.hpp>
-#ifdef __GNUC__
-#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
-#endif
-#include <boost/optional.hpp>
-#include <glad/glad.h>
-#include "common/assert.h"
-#include "common/common_funcs.h"
 #include "common/common_types.h"
+#include "common/hash.h"
 #include "common/math_util.h"
-#include "video_core/gpu.h"
-#include "video_core/memory_manager.h"
+#include "video_core/engines/maxwell_3d.h"
 #include "video_core/renderer_opengl/gl_resource_manager.h"
 #include "video_core/textures/texture.h"
 
-struct CachedSurface;
+class CachedSurface;
 using Surface = std::shared_ptr<CachedSurface>;
-using SurfaceSet = std::set<Surface>;
-
-using SurfaceRegions = boost::icl::interval_set<Tegra::GPUVAddr>;
-using SurfaceMap = boost::icl::interval_map<Tegra::GPUVAddr, Surface>;
-using SurfaceCache = boost::icl::interval_map<Tegra::GPUVAddr, SurfaceSet>;
-
-using SurfaceInterval = SurfaceCache::interval_type;
-static_assert(std::is_same<SurfaceRegions::interval_type, SurfaceCache::interval_type>() &&
-                  std::is_same<SurfaceMap::interval_type, SurfaceCache::interval_type>(),
-              "incorrect interval types");
-
-using SurfaceRect_Tuple = std::tuple<Surface, MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>>;
 using SurfaceSurfaceRect_Tuple = std::tuple<Surface, Surface, MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>>;
-
 using PageMap = boost::icl::interval_map<u64, int>;
 
-enum class ScaleMatch {
-    Exact,   // only accept same res scale
-    Upscale, // only allow higher scale than params
-    Ignore   // accept every scaled res
-};
-
 struct SurfaceParams {
     enum class PixelFormat {
         ABGR8 = 0,
@@ -93,10 +62,10 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
     /**
      * Gets the compression factor for the specified PixelFormat. This applies to just the
      * "compressed width" and "compressed height", not the overall compression factor of a
-     * compressed image. This is used for maintaining proper surface sizes for compressed texture
-     * formats.
+     * compressed image. This is used for maintaining proper surface sizes for compressed
+     * texture formats.
      */
-    static constexpr u32 GetCompresssionFactor(PixelFormat format) {
+    static constexpr u32 GetCompressionFactor(PixelFormat format) {
         if (format == PixelFormat::Invalid)
             return 0;
 
@@ -112,15 +81,12 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
             4, // DXT23
             4, // DXT45
             4, // DXN1
-            1, // ASTC_2D_4X4
+            4, // ASTC_2D_4X4
         }};
 
         ASSERT(static_cast<size_t>(format) < compression_factor_table.size());
         return compression_factor_table[static_cast<size_t>(format)];
     }
-    u32 GetCompresssionFactor() const {
-        return GetCompresssionFactor(pixel_format);
-    }
 
     static constexpr u32 GetFormatBpp(PixelFormat format) {
         if (format == PixelFormat::Invalid)
@@ -165,25 +131,6 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
         }
     }
 
-    static bool IsFormatASTC(PixelFormat format) {
-        switch (format) {
-        case PixelFormat::ASTC_2D_4X4:
-            return true;
-        default:
-            return false;
-        }
-    }
-
-    static PixelFormat PixelFormatFromGPUPixelFormat(Tegra::FramebufferConfig::PixelFormat format) {
-        switch (format) {
-        case Tegra::FramebufferConfig::PixelFormat::ABGR8:
-            return PixelFormat::ABGR8;
-        default:
-            NGLOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Unimplemented format={}", static_cast<u32>(format));
-            UNREACHABLE();
-        }
-    }
-
     static PixelFormat PixelFormatFromTextureFormat(Tegra::Texture::TextureFormat format) {
         // TODO(Subv): Properly implement this
         switch (format) {
@@ -276,36 +223,16 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
         }
     }
 
-    static ComponentType ComponentTypeFromGPUPixelFormat(
-        Tegra::FramebufferConfig::PixelFormat format) {
+    static PixelFormat PixelFormatFromGPUPixelFormat(Tegra::FramebufferConfig::PixelFormat format) {
         switch (format) {
         case Tegra::FramebufferConfig::PixelFormat::ABGR8:
-            return ComponentType::UNorm;
+            return PixelFormat::ABGR8;
         default:
             NGLOG_CRITICAL(HW_GPU, "Unimplemented format={}", static_cast<u32>(format));
             UNREACHABLE();
         }
     }
 
-    static bool CheckFormatsBlittable(PixelFormat pixel_format_a, PixelFormat pixel_format_b) {
-        SurfaceType a_type = GetFormatType(pixel_format_a);
-        SurfaceType b_type = GetFormatType(pixel_format_b);
-
-        if (a_type == SurfaceType::ColorTexture && b_type == SurfaceType::ColorTexture) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (a_type == SurfaceType::Depth && b_type == SurfaceType::Depth) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        if (a_type == SurfaceType::DepthStencil && b_type == SurfaceType::DepthStencil) {
-            return true;
-        }
-
-        return false;
-    }
-
     static SurfaceType GetFormatType(PixelFormat pixel_format) {
         if (static_cast<size_t>(pixel_format) < MaxPixelFormat) {
             return SurfaceType::ColorTexture;
@@ -317,168 +244,101 @@ struct SurfaceParams {
         return SurfaceType::Invalid;
     }
 
-    /// Update the params "size", "end" and "type" from the already set "addr", "width", "height"
-    /// and "pixel_format"
-    void UpdateParams() {
-        if (stride == 0) {
-            stride = width;
-        }
-        type = GetFormatType(pixel_format);
-        size = !is_tiled ? BytesInPixels(stride * (height - 1) + width)
-                         : BytesInPixels(stride * 8 * (height / 8 - 1) + width * 8);
-        end = addr + size;
-    }
-
-    SurfaceInterval GetInterval() const {
-        return SurfaceInterval::right_open(addr, end);
-    }
-
-    // Returns the outer rectangle containing "interval"
-    SurfaceParams FromInterval(SurfaceInterval interval) const;
-
-    SurfaceInterval GetSubRectInterval(MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> unscaled_rect) const;
-
-    // Returns the region of the biggest valid rectange within interval
-    SurfaceInterval GetCopyableInterval(const Surface& src_surface) const;
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the actual width (in pixels) of the surface. This is provided because `width` is used
-     * for tracking the surface region in memory, which may be compressed for certain formats. In
-     * this scenario, `width` is actually the compressed width.
-     */
-    u32 GetActualWidth() const {
-        return width * GetCompresssionFactor();
-    }
-
-    /**
-     * Gets the actual height (in pixels) of the surface. This is provided because `height` is used
-     * for tracking the surface region in memory, which may be compressed for certain formats. In
-     * this scenario, `height` is actually the compressed height.
-     */
-    u32 GetActualHeight() const {
-        return height * GetCompresssionFactor();
-    }
+    /// Returns the rectangle corresponding to this surface
+    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> GetRect() const;
 
-    u32 GetScaledWidth() const {
-        return width * res_scale;
+    /// Returns the size of this surface in bytes, adjusted for compression
+    size_t SizeInBytes() const {
+        const u32 compression_factor{GetCompressionFactor(pixel_format)};
+        ASSERT(width % compression_factor == 0);
+        ASSERT(height % compression_factor == 0);
+        return (width / compression_factor) * (height / compression_factor) *
+               GetFormatBpp(pixel_format) / CHAR_BIT;
     }
 
-    u32 GetScaledHeight() const {
-        return height * res_scale;
-    }
+    /// Returns the CPU virtual address for this surface
+    VAddr GetCpuAddr() const;
 
-    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> GetRect() const {
-        return {0, height, width, 0};
+    /// Returns true if the specified region overlaps with this surface's region in Switch memory
+    bool IsOverlappingRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr region_addr, size_t region_size) const {
+        return addr <= (region_addr + region_size) && region_addr <= (addr + size_in_bytes);
     }
 
-    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> GetScaledRect() const {
-        return {0, GetScaledHeight(), GetScaledWidth(), 0};
-    }
+    /// Creates SurfaceParams from a texture configation
+    static SurfaceParams CreateForTexture(const Tegra::Texture::FullTextureInfo& config);
+
+    /// Creates SurfaceParams from a framebuffer configation
+    static SurfaceParams CreateForFramebuffer(
+        const Tegra::Engines::Maxwell3D::Regs::RenderTargetConfig& config);
+
+    Tegra::GPUVAddr addr;
+    bool is_tiled;
+    u32 block_height;
+    PixelFormat pixel_format;
+    ComponentType component_type;
+    SurfaceType type;
+    u32 width;
+    u32 height;
+    u32 unaligned_height;
+    size_t size_in_bytes;
+};
 
-    u64 PixelsInBytes(u64 size) const {
-        return size * CHAR_BIT / GetFormatBpp(pixel_format);
+/// Hashable variation of SurfaceParams, used for a key in the surface cache
+struct SurfaceKey : Common::HashableStruct<SurfaceParams> {
+    static SurfaceKey Create(const SurfaceParams& params) {
+        SurfaceKey res;
+        res.state = params;
+        return res;
     }
+};
 
-    u64 BytesInPixels(u64 pixels) const {
-        return pixels * GetFormatBpp(pixel_format) / CHAR_BIT;
+namespace std {
+template <>
+struct hash<SurfaceKey> {
+    size_t operator()(const SurfaceKey& k) const {
+        return k.Hash();
     }
-
-    VAddr GetCpuAddr() const;
-
-    bool ExactMatch(const SurfaceParams& other_surface) const;
-    bool CanSubRect(const SurfaceParams& sub_surface) const;
-    bool CanExpand(const SurfaceParams& expanded_surface) const;
-    bool CanTexCopy(const SurfaceParams& texcopy_params) const;
-
-    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> GetSubRect(const SurfaceParams& sub_surface) const;
-    MathUtil::Rectangle<u32> GetScaledSubRect(const SurfaceParams& sub_surface) const;
-
-    Tegra::GPUVAddr addr = 0;
-    Tegra::GPUVAddr end = 0;
-    boost::optional<VAddr> cpu_addr;
-    u64 size = 0;
-
-    u32 width = 0;
-    u32 height = 0;
-    u32 stride = 0;
-    u32 block_height = 0;
-    u16 res_scale = 1;
-
-    bool is_tiled = false;
-    PixelFormat pixel_format = PixelFormat::Invalid;
-    SurfaceType type = SurfaceType::Invalid;
-    ComponentType component_type = ComponentType::Invalid;
 };
+} // namespace std
 
-struct CachedSurface : SurfaceParams {
-    bool CanFill(const SurfaceParams& dest_surface, SurfaceInterval fill_interval) const;
-    bool CanCopy(const SurfaceParams& dest_surface, SurfaceInterval copy_interval) const;
-
-    bool IsRegionValid(SurfaceInterval interval) const {
-        return (invalid_regions.find(interval) == invalid_regions.end());
-    }
+class CachedSurface final {
+public:
+    CachedSurface(const SurfaceParams& params);
 
-    bool IsSurfaceFullyInvalid() const {
-        return (invalid_regions & GetInterval()) == SurfaceRegions(GetInterval());
+    const OGLTexture& Texture() const {
+        return texture;
     }
 
-    bool registered = false;
-    SurfaceRegions invalid_regions;
-
-    u64 fill_size = 0; /// Number of bytes to read from fill_data
-    std::array<u8, 4> fill_data;
-
-    OGLTexture texture;
-
-    static constexpr unsigned int GetGLBytesPerPixel(PixelFormat format) {
-        if (format == PixelFormat::Invalid)
+    static constexpr unsigned int GetGLBytesPerPixel(SurfaceParams::PixelFormat format) {
+        if (format == SurfaceParams::PixelFormat::Invalid)
             return 0;
 
         return SurfaceParams::GetFormatBpp(format) / CHAR_BIT;
     }
 
-    std::unique_ptr<u8[]> gl_buffer;
-    size_t gl_buffer_size = 0;
+    const SurfaceParams& GetSurfaceParams() const {
+        return params;
+    }
 
     // Read/Write data in Switch memory to/from gl_buffer
-    void LoadGLBuffer(Tegra::GPUVAddr load_start, Tegra::GPUVAddr load_end);
-    void FlushGLBuffer(Tegra::GPUVAddr flush_start, Tegra::GPUVAddr flush_end);
+    void LoadGLBuffer();
+    void FlushGLBuffer();
 
     // Upload/Download data in gl_buffer in/to this surface's texture
-    void UploadGLTexture(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& rect, GLuint read_fb_handle,
-                         GLuint draw_fb_handle);
-    void DownloadGLTexture(const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& rect, GLuint read_fb_handle,
-                           GLuint draw_fb_handle);
+    void UploadGLTexture(GLuint read_fb_handle, GLuint draw_fb_handle);
+    void DownloadGLTexture(GLuint read_fb_handle, GLuint draw_fb_handle);
+
+private:
+    OGLTexture texture;
+    std::vector<u8> gl_buffer;
+    SurfaceParams params;
 };
 
-class RasterizerCacheOpenGL : NonCopyable {
+class RasterizerCacheOpenGL final : NonCopyable {
 public:
     RasterizerCacheOpenGL();
     ~RasterizerCacheOpenGL();
 
-    /// Blit one surface's texture to another
-    bool BlitSurfaces(const Surface& src_surface, const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& src_rect,
-                      const Surface& dst_surface, const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& dst_rect);
-
-    void ConvertD24S8toABGR(GLuint src_tex, const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& src_rect,
-                            GLuint dst_tex, const MathUtil::Rectangle<u32>& dst_rect);
-
-    /// Copy one surface's region to another
-    void CopySurface(const Surface& src_surface, const Surface& dst_surface,
-                     SurfaceInterval copy_interval);
-
-    /// Load a texture from Switch memory to OpenGL and cache it (if not already cached)
-    Surface GetSurface(const SurfaceParams& params, ScaleMatch match_res_scale,
-                       bool load_if_create);
-
-    /// Tries to find a framebuffer GPU address based on the provided CPU address
-    boost::optional<Tegra::GPUVAddr> TryFindFramebufferGpuAddress(VAddr cpu_addr) const;
-
-    /// Attempt to find a subrect (resolution scaled) of a surface, otherwise loads a texture from
-    /// Switch memory to OpenGL and caches it (if not already cached)
-    SurfaceRect_Tuple GetSurfaceSubRect(const SurfaceParams& params, ScaleMatch match_res_scale,
-                                        bool load_if_create);
-
     /// Get a surface based on the texture configuration
     Surface GetTextureSurface(const Tegra::Texture::FullTextureInfo& config);
 
@@ -486,29 +346,21 @@ public:
     SurfaceSurfaceRect_Tuple GetFramebufferSurfaces(bool using_color_fb, bool using_depth_fb,
                                                     const MathUtil::Rectangle<s32>& viewport);
 
-    /// Get a surface that matches the fill config
-    Surface GetFillSurface(const void* config);
+    /// Marks the specified surface as "dirty", in that it is out of sync with Switch memory
+    void MarkSurfaceAsDirty(const Surface& surface);
 
-    /// Get a surface that matches a "texture copy" display transfer config
-    SurfaceRect_Tuple GetTexCopySurface(const SurfaceParams& params);
+    /// Tries to find a framebuffer GPU address based on the provided CPU address
+    Surface TryFindFramebufferSurface(VAddr cpu_addr) const;
 
     /// Write any cached resources overlapping the region back to memory (if dirty)
-    void FlushRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size, Surface flush_surface = nullptr);
-
-    /// Mark region as being invalidated by region_owner (nullptr if Switch memory)
-    void InvalidateRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size, const Surface& region_owner);
+    void FlushRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, size_t size);
 
-    /// Flush all cached resources tracked by this cache manager
-    void FlushAll();
+    /// Mark the specified region as being invalidated
+    void InvalidateRegion(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, size_t size);
 
 private:
-    void DuplicateSurface(const Surface& src_surface, const Surface& dest_surface);
-
-    /// Update surface's texture for given region when necessary
-    void ValidateSurface(const Surface& surface, Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size);
-
-    /// Create a new surface
-    Surface CreateSurface(const SurfaceParams& params);
+    void LoadSurface(const Surface& surface);
+    Surface GetSurface(const SurfaceParams& params);
 
     /// Register surface into the cache
     void RegisterSurface(const Surface& surface);
@@ -519,18 +371,9 @@ private:
     /// Increase/decrease the number of surface in pages touching the specified region
     void UpdatePagesCachedCount(Tegra::GPUVAddr addr, u64 size, int delta);
 
-    SurfaceCache surface_cache;
+    std::unordered_map<SurfaceKey, Surface> surface_cache;
     PageMap cached_pages;
-    SurfaceMap dirty_regions;
-    SurfaceSet remove_surfaces;
 
     OGLFramebuffer read_framebuffer;
     OGLFramebuffer draw_framebuffer;
-
-    OGLVertexArray attributeless_vao;
-    OGLBuffer d24s8_abgr_buffer;
-    GLsizeiptr d24s8_abgr_buffer_size;
-    OGLProgram d24s8_abgr_shader;
-    GLint d24s8_abgr_tbo_size_u_id;
-    GLint d24s8_abgr_viewport_u_id;
 };
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
index f33766bfd..e3bb2cbb8 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.cpp
@@ -150,7 +150,6 @@ void RendererOpenGL::LoadFBToScreenInfo(const Tegra::FramebufferConfig& framebuf
                                          screen_info)) {
         // Reset the screen info's display texture to its own permanent texture
         screen_info.display_texture = screen_info.texture.resource.handle;
-        screen_info.display_texcoords = MathUtil::Rectangle<float>(0.f, 0.f, 1.f, 1.f);
 
         Memory::RasterizerFlushVirtualRegion(framebuffer_addr, size_in_bytes,
                                              Memory::FlushMode::Flush);
diff --git a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h
index 2cc6d9a00..21f0d298c 100644
--- a/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h
+++ b/src/video_core/renderer_opengl/renderer_opengl.h
@@ -27,7 +27,7 @@ struct TextureInfo {
 /// Structure used for storing information about the display target for the Switch screen
 struct ScreenInfo {
     GLuint display_texture;
-    MathUtil::Rectangle<float> display_texcoords;
+    const MathUtil::Rectangle<float> display_texcoords{0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f};
     TextureInfo texture;
 };
 
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp
index 8316db708..cd7986efa 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/config.cpp
@@ -84,6 +84,8 @@ void Config::ReadValues() {
     qt_config->beginGroup("Renderer");
     Settings::values.resolution_factor = qt_config->value("resolution_factor", 1.0).toFloat();
     Settings::values.toggle_framelimit = qt_config->value("toggle_framelimit", true).toBool();
+    Settings::values.use_accurate_framebuffers =
+        qt_config->value("use_accurate_framebuffers", false).toBool();
 
     Settings::values.bg_red = qt_config->value("bg_red", 0.0).toFloat();
     Settings::values.bg_green = qt_config->value("bg_green", 0.0).toFloat();
@@ -184,6 +186,7 @@ void Config::SaveValues() {
     qt_config->beginGroup("Renderer");
     qt_config->setValue("resolution_factor", (double)Settings::values.resolution_factor);
     qt_config->setValue("toggle_framelimit", Settings::values.toggle_framelimit);
+    qt_config->setValue("use_accurate_framebuffers", Settings::values.use_accurate_framebuffers);
 
     // Cast to double because Qt's written float values are not human-readable
     qt_config->setValue("bg_red", (double)Settings::values.bg_red);
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
index 47b9b6e95..7664880d5 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.cpp
@@ -59,11 +59,13 @@ void ConfigureGraphics::setConfiguration() {
     ui->resolution_factor_combobox->setCurrentIndex(
         static_cast<int>(FromResolutionFactor(Settings::values.resolution_factor)));
     ui->toggle_framelimit->setChecked(Settings::values.toggle_framelimit);
+    ui->use_accurate_framebuffers->setChecked(Settings::values.use_accurate_framebuffers);
 }
 
 void ConfigureGraphics::applyConfiguration() {
     Settings::values.resolution_factor =
         ToResolutionFactor(static_cast<Resolution>(ui->resolution_factor_combobox->currentIndex()));
     Settings::values.toggle_framelimit = ui->toggle_framelimit->isChecked();
+    Settings::values.use_accurate_framebuffers = ui->use_accurate_framebuffers->isChecked();
     Settings::Apply();
 }
diff --git a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui
index 366931a9a..7d092df03 100644
--- a/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui
+++ b/src/yuzu/configuration/configure_graphics.ui
@@ -30,6 +30,13 @@
          </widget>
         </item>
         <item>
+         <widget class="QCheckBox" name="use_accurate_framebuffers">
+          <property name="text">
+           <string>Use accurate framebuffers (slow)</string>
+          </property>
+         </widget>
+        </item>
+        <item>
          <layout class="QHBoxLayout" name="horizontalLayout">
           <item>
            <widget class="QLabel" name="label">
diff --git a/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp b/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp
index ee6e4d658..150915c17 100644
--- a/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp
+++ b/src/yuzu_cmd/config.cpp
@@ -98,6 +98,8 @@ void Config::ReadValues() {
         (float)sdl2_config->GetReal("Renderer", "resolution_factor", 1.0);
     Settings::values.toggle_framelimit =
         sdl2_config->GetBoolean("Renderer", "toggle_framelimit", true);
+    Settings::values.use_accurate_framebuffers =
+        sdl2_config->GetBoolean("Renderer", "use_accurate_framebuffers", false);
 
     Settings::values.bg_red = (float)sdl2_config->GetReal("Renderer", "bg_red", 0.0);
     Settings::values.bg_green = (float)sdl2_config->GetReal("Renderer", "bg_green", 0.0);
diff --git a/src/yuzu_cmd/default_ini.h b/src/yuzu_cmd/default_ini.h
index 1c438c3f5..5896971d4 100644
--- a/src/yuzu_cmd/default_ini.h
+++ b/src/yuzu_cmd/default_ini.h
@@ -102,6 +102,10 @@ resolution_factor =
 # 0 (default): Off, 1: On
 use_vsync =
 
+# Whether to use accurate framebuffers
+# 0 (default): Off (fast), 1 : On (slow)
+use_accurate_framebuffers =
+
 # The clear color for the renderer. What shows up on the sides of the bottom screen.
 # Must be in range of 0.0-1.0. Defaults to 1.0 for all.
 bg_red =