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-rw-r--r--software/dhrystone/Makefile20
-rw-r--r--software/dhrystone/dhry.h423
-rw-r--r--software/dhrystone/dhry_1.c385
-rw-r--r--software/dhrystone/dhry_2.c192
-rw-r--r--software/dhrystone/dhry_printf.c271
-rw-r--r--software/dhrystone/dhry_stubs.c31
6 files changed, 1322 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/software/dhrystone/Makefile b/software/dhrystone/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..2058ca1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/software/dhrystone/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,20 @@
+TARGET := dhrystone
+
+ASM_SRCS :=
+C_SRCS := dhry_stubs.c dhry_printf.c
+HEADERS := dhry.h
+
+DHRY_SRCS := dhry_1.c dhry_2.c
+DHRY_CFLAGS := -O2 -DTIME -fno-inline -Wno-implicit
+
+XLEN ?= 32
+CFLAGS := -Dscanf=dhry_scanf -Dprintf=dhry_printf -Os -fno-common
+
+DHRY_OBJS := $(patsubst %.c,%.o,$(DHRY_SRCS))
+LINK_OBJS := $(DHRY_OBJS)
+
+BSP_BASE = ../../bsp
+include $(BSP_BASE)/env/common.mk
+
+$(DHRY_OBJS): %.o: %.c $(HEADERS)
+ $(CC) $(CFLAGS) $(DHRY_CFLAGS) -c -o $@ $<
diff --git a/software/dhrystone/dhry.h b/software/dhrystone/dhry.h
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b556ecc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/software/dhrystone/dhry.h
@@ -0,0 +1,423 @@
+/*
+ ****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
+ * -----------------------------
+ *
+ * Version: C, Version 2.1
+ *
+ * File: dhry.h (part 1 of 3)
+ *
+ * Date: May 25, 1988
+ *
+ * Author: Reinhold P. Weicker
+ * Siemens AG, AUT E 51
+ * Postfach 3220
+ * 8520 Erlangen
+ * Germany (West)
+ * Phone: [+49]-9131-7-20330
+ * (8-17 Central European Time)
+ * Usenet: ..!mcsun!unido!estevax!weicker
+ *
+ * Original Version (in Ada) published in
+ * "Communications of the ACM" vol. 27., no. 10 (Oct. 1984),
+ * pp. 1013 - 1030, together with the statistics
+ * on which the distribution of statements etc. is based.
+ *
+ * In this C version, the following C library functions are used:
+ * - strcpy, strcmp (inside the measurement loop)
+ * - printf, scanf (outside the measurement loop)
+ * In addition, Berkeley UNIX system calls "times ()" or "time ()"
+ * are used for execution time measurement. For measurements
+ * on other systems, these calls have to be changed.
+ *
+ * Collection of Results:
+ * Reinhold Weicker (address see above) and
+ *
+ * Rick Richardson
+ * PC Research. Inc.
+ * 94 Apple Orchard Drive
+ * Tinton Falls, NJ 07724
+ * Phone: (201) 389-8963 (9-17 EST)
+ * Usenet: ...!uunet!pcrat!rick
+ *
+ * Please send results to Rick Richardson and/or Reinhold Weicker.
+ * Complete information should be given on hardware and software used.
+ * Hardware information includes: Machine type, CPU, type and size
+ * of caches; for microprocessors: clock frequency, memory speed
+ * (number of wait states).
+ * Software information includes: Compiler (and runtime library)
+ * manufacturer and version, compilation switches, OS version.
+ * The Operating System version may give an indication about the
+ * compiler; Dhrystone itself performs no OS calls in the measurement loop.
+ *
+ * The complete output generated by the program should be mailed
+ * such that at least some checks for correctness can be made.
+ *
+ ***************************************************************************
+ *
+ * History: This version C/2.1 has been made for two reasons:
+ *
+ * 1) There is an obvious need for a common C version of
+ * Dhrystone, since C is at present the most popular system
+ * programming language for the class of processors
+ * (microcomputers, minicomputers) where Dhrystone is used most.
+ * There should be, as far as possible, only one C version of
+ * Dhrystone such that results can be compared without
+ * restrictions. In the past, the C versions distributed
+ * by Rick Richardson (Version 1.1) and by Reinhold Weicker
+ * had small (though not significant) differences.
+ *
+ * 2) As far as it is possible without changes to the Dhrystone
+ * statistics, optimizing compilers should be prevented from
+ * removing significant statements.
+ *
+ * This C version has been developed in cooperation with
+ * Rick Richardson (Tinton Falls, NJ), it incorporates many
+ * ideas from the "Version 1.1" distributed previously by
+ * him over the UNIX network Usenet.
+ * I also thank Chaim Benedelac (National Semiconductor),
+ * David Ditzel (SUN), Earl Killian and John Mashey (MIPS),
+ * Alan Smith and Rafael Saavedra-Barrera (UC at Berkeley)
+ * for their help with comments on earlier versions of the
+ * benchmark.
+ *
+ * Changes: In the initialization part, this version follows mostly
+ * Rick Richardson's version distributed via Usenet, not the
+ * version distributed earlier via floppy disk by Reinhold Weicker.
+ * As a concession to older compilers, names have been made
+ * unique within the first 8 characters.
+ * Inside the measurement loop, this version follows the
+ * version previously distributed by Reinhold Weicker.
+ *
+ * At several places in the benchmark, code has been added,
+ * but within the measurement loop only in branches that
+ * are not executed. The intention is that optimizing compilers
+ * should be prevented from moving code out of the measurement
+ * loop, or from removing code altogether. Since the statements
+ * that are executed within the measurement loop have NOT been
+ * changed, the numbers defining the "Dhrystone distribution"
+ * (distribution of statements, operand types and locality)
+ * still hold. Except for sophisticated optimizing compilers,
+ * execution times for this version should be the same as
+ * for previous versions.
+ *
+ * Since it has proven difficult to subtract the time for the
+ * measurement loop overhead in a correct way, the loop check
+ * has been made a part of the benchmark. This does have
+ * an impact - though a very minor one - on the distribution
+ * statistics which have been updated for this version.
+ *
+ * All changes within the measurement loop are described
+ * and discussed in the companion paper "Rationale for
+ * Dhrystone version 2".
+ *
+ * Because of the self-imposed limitation that the order and
+ * distribution of the executed statements should not be
+ * changed, there are still cases where optimizing compilers
+ * may not generate code for some statements. To a certain
+ * degree, this is unavoidable for small synthetic benchmarks.
+ * Users of the benchmark are advised to check code listings
+ * whether code is generated for all statements of Dhrystone.
+ *
+ * Version 2.1 is identical to version 2.0 distributed via
+ * the UNIX network Usenet in March 1988 except that it corrects
+ * some minor deficiencies that were found by users of version 2.0.
+ * The only change within the measurement loop is that a
+ * non-executed "else" part was added to the "if" statement in
+ * Func_3, and a non-executed "else" part removed from Proc_3.
+ *
+ ***************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Defines: The following "Defines" are possible:
+ * -DREG=register (default: Not defined)
+ * As an approximation to what an average C programmer
+ * might do, the "register" storage class is applied
+ * (if enabled by -DREG=register)
+ * - for local variables, if they are used (dynamically)
+ * five or more times
+ * - for parameters if they are used (dynamically)
+ * six or more times
+ * Note that an optimal "register" strategy is
+ * compiler-dependent, and that "register" declarations
+ * do not necessarily lead to faster execution.
+ * -DNOSTRUCTASSIGN (default: Not defined)
+ * Define if the C compiler does not support
+ * assignment of structures.
+ * -DNOENUMS (default: Not defined)
+ * Define if the C compiler does not support
+ * enumeration types.
+ * -DTIMES (default)
+ * -DTIME
+ * The "times" function of UNIX (returning process times)
+ * or the "time" function (returning wallclock time)
+ * is used for measurement.
+ * For single user machines, "time ()" is adequate. For
+ * multi-user machines where you cannot get single-user
+ * access, use the "times ()" function. If you have
+ * neither, use a stopwatch in the dead of night.
+ * "printf"s are provided marking the points "Start Timer"
+ * and "Stop Timer". DO NOT use the UNIX "time(1)"
+ * command, as this will measure the total time to
+ * run this program, which will (erroneously) include
+ * the time to allocate storage (malloc) and to perform
+ * the initialization.
+ * -DHZ=nnn
+ * In Berkeley UNIX, the function "times" returns process
+ * time in 1/HZ seconds, with HZ = 60 for most systems.
+ * CHECK YOUR SYSTEM DESCRIPTION BEFORE YOU JUST APPLY
+ * A VALUE.
+ *
+ ***************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Compilation model and measurement (IMPORTANT):
+ *
+ * This C version of Dhrystone consists of three files:
+ * - dhry.h (this file, containing global definitions and comments)
+ * - dhry_1.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_1)
+ * - dhry_2.c (containing the code corresponding to Ada package Pack_2)
+ *
+ * The following "ground rules" apply for measurements:
+ * - Separate compilation
+ * - No procedure merging
+ * - Otherwise, compiler optimizations are allowed but should be indicated
+ * - Default results are those without register declarations
+ * See the companion paper "Rationale for Dhrystone Version 2" for a more
+ * detailed discussion of these ground rules.
+ *
+ * For 16-Bit processors (e.g. 80186, 80286), times for all compilation
+ * models ("small", "medium", "large" etc.) should be given if possible,
+ * together with a definition of these models for the compiler system used.
+ *
+ **************************************************************************
+ *
+ * Dhrystone (C version) statistics:
+ *
+ * [Comment from the first distribution, updated for version 2.
+ * Note that because of language differences, the numbers are slightly
+ * different from the Ada version.]
+ *
+ * The following program contains statements of a high level programming
+ * language (here: C) in a distribution considered representative:
+ *
+ * assignments 52 (51.0 %)
+ * control statements 33 (32.4 %)
+ * procedure, function calls 17 (16.7 %)
+ *
+ * 103 statements are dynamically executed. The program is balanced with
+ * respect to the three aspects:
+ *
+ * - statement type
+ * - operand type
+ * - operand locality
+ * operand global, local, parameter, or constant.
+ *
+ * The combination of these three aspects is balanced only approximately.
+ *
+ * 1. Statement Type:
+ * ----------------- number
+ *
+ * V1 = V2 9
+ * (incl. V1 = F(..)
+ * V = Constant 12
+ * Assignment, 7
+ * with array element
+ * Assignment, 6
+ * with record component
+ * --
+ * 34 34
+ *
+ * X = Y +|-|"&&"|"|" Z 5
+ * X = Y +|-|"==" Constant 6
+ * X = X +|- 1 3
+ * X = Y *|/ Z 2
+ * X = Expression, 1
+ * two operators
+ * X = Expression, 1
+ * three operators
+ * --
+ * 18 18
+ *
+ * if .... 14
+ * with "else" 7
+ * without "else" 7
+ * executed 3
+ * not executed 4
+ * for ... 7 | counted every time
+ * while ... 4 | the loop condition
+ * do ... while 1 | is evaluated
+ * switch ... 1
+ * break 1
+ * declaration with 1
+ * initialization
+ * --
+ * 34 34
+ *
+ * P (...) procedure call 11
+ * user procedure 10
+ * library procedure 1
+ * X = F (...)
+ * function call 6
+ * user function 5
+ * library function 1
+ * --
+ * 17 17
+ * ---
+ * 103
+ *
+ * The average number of parameters in procedure or function calls
+ * is 1.82 (not counting the function values as implicit parameters).
+ *
+ *
+ * 2. Operators
+ * ------------
+ * number approximate
+ * percentage
+ *
+ * Arithmetic 32 50.8
+ *
+ * + 21 33.3
+ * - 7 11.1
+ * * 3 4.8
+ * / (int div) 1 1.6
+ *
+ * Comparison 27 42.8
+ *
+ * == 9 14.3
+ * /= 4 6.3
+ * > 1 1.6
+ * < 3 4.8
+ * >= 1 1.6
+ * <= 9 14.3
+ *
+ * Logic 4 6.3
+ *
+ * && (AND-THEN) 1 1.6
+ * | (OR) 1 1.6
+ * ! (NOT) 2 3.2
+ *
+ * -- -----
+ * 63 100.1
+ *
+ *
+ * 3. Operand Type (counted once per operand reference):
+ * ---------------
+ * number approximate
+ * percentage
+ *
+ * Integer 175 72.3 %
+ * Character 45 18.6 %
+ * Pointer 12 5.0 %
+ * String30 6 2.5 %
+ * Array 2 0.8 %
+ * Record 2 0.8 %
+ * --- -------
+ * 242 100.0 %
+ *
+ * When there is an access path leading to the final operand (e.g. a record
+ * component), only the final data type on the access path is counted.
+ *
+ *
+ * 4. Operand Locality:
+ * -------------------
+ * number approximate
+ * percentage
+ *
+ * local variable 114 47.1 %
+ * global variable 22 9.1 %
+ * parameter 45 18.6 %
+ * value 23 9.5 %
+ * reference 22 9.1 %
+ * function result 6 2.5 %
+ * constant 55 22.7 %
+ * --- -------
+ * 242 100.0 %
+ *
+ *
+ * The program does not compute anything meaningful, but it is syntactically
+ * and semantically correct. All variables have a value assigned to them
+ * before they are used as a source operand.
+ *
+ * There has been no explicit effort to account for the effects of a
+ * cache, or to balance the use of long or short displacements for code or
+ * data.
+ *
+ ***************************************************************************
+ */
+
+/* Compiler and system dependent definitions: */
+
+#ifndef TIME
+#define TIMES
+#endif
+ /* Use times(2) time function unless */
+ /* explicitly defined otherwise */
+
+#ifdef TIMES
+#include <sys/types.h>
+#include <sys/times.h>
+ /* for "times" */
+#endif
+
+#define Mic_secs_Per_Second 1000000
+ /* Berkeley UNIX C returns process times in seconds/HZ */
+
+#ifdef NOSTRUCTASSIGN
+#define structassign(d, s) memcpy(&(d), &(s), sizeof(d))
+#else
+#define structassign(d, s) d = s
+#endif
+
+#ifdef NOENUM
+#define Ident_1 0
+#define Ident_2 1
+#define Ident_3 2
+#define Ident_4 3
+#define Ident_5 4
+ typedef int Enumeration;
+#else
+ typedef enum {Ident_1, Ident_2, Ident_3, Ident_4, Ident_5}
+ Enumeration;
+#endif
+ /* for boolean and enumeration types in Ada, Pascal */
+
+/* General definitions: */
+
+#include <stdio.h>
+ /* for strcpy, strcmp */
+
+#define Null 0
+ /* Value of a Null pointer */
+#define true 1
+#define false 0
+
+typedef int One_Thirty;
+typedef int One_Fifty;
+typedef char Capital_Letter;
+typedef int Boolean;
+typedef char Str_30 [31];
+typedef int Arr_1_Dim [50];
+typedef int Arr_2_Dim [50] [50];
+
+typedef struct record
+ {
+ struct record *Ptr_Comp;
+ Enumeration Discr;
+ union {
+ struct {
+ Enumeration Enum_Comp;
+ int Int_Comp;
+ char Str_Comp [31];
+ } var_1;
+ struct {
+ Enumeration E_Comp_2;
+ char Str_2_Comp [31];
+ } var_2;
+ struct {
+ char Ch_1_Comp;
+ char Ch_2_Comp;
+ } var_3;
+ } variant;
+ } Rec_Type, *Rec_Pointer;
+
+
diff --git a/software/dhrystone/dhry_1.c b/software/dhrystone/dhry_1.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..7ab02a8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/software/dhrystone/dhry_1.c
@@ -0,0 +1,385 @@
+/*
+ ****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
+ * -----------------------------
+ *
+ * Version: C, Version 2.1
+ *
+ * File: dhry_1.c (part 2 of 3)
+ *
+ * Date: May 25, 1988
+ *
+ * Author: Reinhold P. Weicker
+ *
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+#include "dhry.h"
+
+/* Global Variables: */
+
+Rec_Pointer Ptr_Glob,
+ Next_Ptr_Glob;
+int Int_Glob;
+Boolean Bool_Glob;
+char Ch_1_Glob,
+ Ch_2_Glob;
+int Arr_1_Glob [50];
+int Arr_2_Glob [50] [50];
+
+extern char *malloc ();
+Enumeration Func_1 ();
+ /* forward declaration necessary since Enumeration may not simply be int */
+
+#ifndef REG
+ Boolean Reg = false;
+#define REG
+ /* REG becomes defined as empty */
+ /* i.e. no register variables */
+#else
+ Boolean Reg = true;
+#endif
+
+/* variables for time measurement: */
+
+#ifdef TIMES
+struct tms time_info;
+extern int times ();
+ /* see library function "times" */
+#define Too_Small_Time 120
+ /* Measurements should last at least about 2 seconds */
+#endif
+#ifdef TIME
+extern long time();
+ /* see library function "time" */
+#define Too_Small_Time 2
+ /* Measurements should last at least 2 seconds */
+#endif
+
+long Begin_Time,
+ End_Time,
+ User_Time;
+float Microseconds,
+ Dhrystones_Per_Second;
+
+/* end of variables for time measurement */
+
+
+main ()
+/*****/
+
+ /* main program, corresponds to procedures */
+ /* Main and Proc_0 in the Ada version */
+{
+ One_Fifty Int_1_Loc;
+ REG One_Fifty Int_2_Loc;
+ One_Fifty Int_3_Loc;
+ REG char Ch_Index;
+ Enumeration Enum_Loc;
+ Str_30 Str_1_Loc;
+ Str_30 Str_2_Loc;
+ REG int Run_Index;
+ REG int Number_Of_Runs;
+
+ /* Initializations */
+
+ Next_Ptr_Glob = (Rec_Pointer) malloc (sizeof (Rec_Type));
+ Ptr_Glob = (Rec_Pointer) malloc (sizeof (Rec_Type));
+
+ Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp = Next_Ptr_Glob;
+ Ptr_Glob->Discr = Ident_1;
+ Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Enum_Comp = Ident_3;
+ Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Int_Comp = 40;
+ strcpy (Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Str_Comp,
+ "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING");
+ strcpy (Str_1_Loc, "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 1'ST STRING");
+
+ Arr_2_Glob [8][7] = 10;
+ /* Was missing in published program. Without this statement, */
+ /* Arr_2_Glob [8][7] would have an undefined value. */
+ /* Warning: With 16-Bit processors and Number_Of_Runs > 32000, */
+ /* overflow may occur for this array element. */
+
+ printf ("\n");
+ printf ("Dhrystone Benchmark, Version 2.1 (Language: C)\n");
+ printf ("\n");
+ if (Reg)
+ {
+ printf ("Program compiled with 'register' attribute\n");
+ printf ("\n");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+ printf ("Program compiled without 'register' attribute\n");
+ printf ("\n");
+ }
+ printf ("Please give the number of runs through the benchmark: ");
+ {
+ int n;
+ scanf ("%d", &n);
+ Number_Of_Runs = n;
+ }
+ printf ("\n");
+
+ printf ("Execution starts, %d runs through Dhrystone\n", Number_Of_Runs);
+
+ /***************/
+ /* Start timer */
+ /***************/
+
+#ifdef TIMES
+ times (&time_info);
+ Begin_Time = (long) time_info.tms_utime;
+#endif
+#ifdef TIME
+ Begin_Time = time ( (long *) 0);
+#endif
+
+ for (Run_Index = 1; Run_Index <= Number_Of_Runs; ++Run_Index)
+ {
+
+ Proc_5();
+ Proc_4();
+ /* Ch_1_Glob == 'A', Ch_2_Glob == 'B', Bool_Glob == true */
+ Int_1_Loc = 2;
+ Int_2_Loc = 3;
+ strcpy (Str_2_Loc, "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 2'ND STRING");
+ Enum_Loc = Ident_2;
+ Bool_Glob = ! Func_2 (Str_1_Loc, Str_2_Loc);
+ /* Bool_Glob == 1 */
+ while (Int_1_Loc < Int_2_Loc) /* loop body executed once */
+ {
+ Int_3_Loc = 5 * Int_1_Loc - Int_2_Loc;
+ /* Int_3_Loc == 7 */
+ Proc_7 (Int_1_Loc, Int_2_Loc, &Int_3_Loc);
+ /* Int_3_Loc == 7 */
+ Int_1_Loc += 1;
+ } /* while */
+ /* Int_1_Loc == 3, Int_2_Loc == 3, Int_3_Loc == 7 */
+ Proc_8 (Arr_1_Glob, Arr_2_Glob, Int_1_Loc, Int_3_Loc);
+ /* Int_Glob == 5 */
+ Proc_1 (Ptr_Glob);
+ for (Ch_Index = 'A'; Ch_Index <= Ch_2_Glob; ++Ch_Index)
+ /* loop body executed twice */
+ {
+ if (Enum_Loc == Func_1 (Ch_Index, 'C'))
+ /* then, not executed */
+ {
+ Proc_6 (Ident_1, &Enum_Loc);
+ strcpy (Str_2_Loc, "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 3'RD STRING");
+ Int_2_Loc = Run_Index;
+ Int_Glob = Run_Index;
+ }
+ }
+ /* Int_1_Loc == 3, Int_2_Loc == 3, Int_3_Loc == 7 */
+ Int_2_Loc = Int_2_Loc * Int_1_Loc;
+ Int_1_Loc = Int_2_Loc / Int_3_Loc;
+ Int_2_Loc = 7 * (Int_2_Loc - Int_3_Loc) - Int_1_Loc;
+ /* Int_1_Loc == 1, Int_2_Loc == 13, Int_3_Loc == 7 */
+ Proc_2 (&Int_1_Loc);
+ /* Int_1_Loc == 5 */
+
+ } /* loop "for Run_Index" */
+
+ /**************/
+ /* Stop timer */
+ /**************/
+
+#ifdef TIMES
+ times (&time_info);
+ End_Time = (long) time_info.tms_utime;
+#endif
+#ifdef TIME
+ End_Time = time ( (long *) 0);
+#endif
+
+ printf ("Execution ends\n");
+ printf ("\n");
+ printf ("Final values of the variables used in the benchmark:\n");
+ printf ("\n");
+ printf ("Int_Glob: %d\n", Int_Glob);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 5);
+ printf ("Bool_Glob: %d\n", Bool_Glob);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 1);
+ printf ("Ch_1_Glob: %c\n", Ch_1_Glob);
+ printf (" should be: %c\n", 'A');
+ printf ("Ch_2_Glob: %c\n", Ch_2_Glob);
+ printf (" should be: %c\n", 'B');
+ printf ("Arr_1_Glob[8]: %d\n", Arr_1_Glob[8]);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 7);
+ printf ("Arr_2_Glob[8][7]: %d\n", Arr_2_Glob[8][7]);
+ printf (" should be: Number_Of_Runs + 10\n");
+ printf ("Ptr_Glob->\n");
+ printf (" Ptr_Comp: %d\n", (int) Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp);
+ printf (" should be: (implementation-dependent)\n");
+ printf (" Discr: %d\n", Ptr_Glob->Discr);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 0);
+ printf (" Enum_Comp: %d\n", Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Enum_Comp);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 2);
+ printf (" Int_Comp: %d\n", Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Int_Comp);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 17);
+ printf (" Str_Comp: %s\n", Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Str_Comp);
+ printf (" should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING\n");
+ printf ("Next_Ptr_Glob->\n");
+ printf (" Ptr_Comp: %d\n", (int) Next_Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp);
+ printf (" should be: (implementation-dependent), same as above\n");
+ printf (" Discr: %d\n", Next_Ptr_Glob->Discr);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 0);
+ printf (" Enum_Comp: %d\n", Next_Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Enum_Comp);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 1);
+ printf (" Int_Comp: %d\n", Next_Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Int_Comp);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 18);
+ printf (" Str_Comp: %s\n",
+ Next_Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Str_Comp);
+ printf (" should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, SOME STRING\n");
+ printf ("Int_1_Loc: %d\n", Int_1_Loc);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 5);
+ printf ("Int_2_Loc: %d\n", Int_2_Loc);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 13);
+ printf ("Int_3_Loc: %d\n", Int_3_Loc);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 7);
+ printf ("Enum_Loc: %d\n", Enum_Loc);
+ printf (" should be: %d\n", 1);
+ printf ("Str_1_Loc: %s\n", Str_1_Loc);
+ printf (" should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 1'ST STRING\n");
+ printf ("Str_2_Loc: %s\n", Str_2_Loc);
+ printf (" should be: DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 2'ND STRING\n");
+ printf ("\n");
+
+ User_Time = End_Time - Begin_Time;
+
+ if (User_Time < Too_Small_Time)
+ {
+ printf ("Measured time too small to obtain meaningful results\n");
+ printf ("Please increase number of runs\n");
+ printf ("\n");
+ }
+ else
+ {
+#ifdef TIME
+ Microseconds = (float) User_Time * Mic_secs_Per_Second
+ / (float) Number_Of_Runs;
+ Dhrystones_Per_Second = (float) Number_Of_Runs / (float) User_Time;
+#else
+ Microseconds = (float) User_Time * Mic_secs_Per_Second
+ / ((float) HZ * ((float) Number_Of_Runs));
+ Dhrystones_Per_Second = ((float) HZ * (float) Number_Of_Runs)
+ / (float) User_Time;
+#endif
+ printf ("Microseconds for one run through Dhrystone: ");
+ printf ("%6.1f \n", Microseconds);
+ printf ("Dhrystones per Second: ");
+ printf ("%6.1f \n", Dhrystones_Per_Second);
+ printf ("\n");
+ }
+
+}
+
+
+Proc_1 (Ptr_Val_Par)
+/******************/
+
+REG Rec_Pointer Ptr_Val_Par;
+ /* executed once */
+{
+ REG Rec_Pointer Next_Record = Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp;
+ /* == Ptr_Glob_Next */
+ /* Local variable, initialized with Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp, */
+ /* corresponds to "rename" in Ada, "with" in Pascal */
+
+ structassign (*Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp, *Ptr_Glob);
+ Ptr_Val_Par->variant.var_1.Int_Comp = 5;
+ Next_Record->variant.var_1.Int_Comp
+ = Ptr_Val_Par->variant.var_1.Int_Comp;
+ Next_Record->Ptr_Comp = Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp;
+ Proc_3 (&Next_Record->Ptr_Comp);
+ /* Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp->Ptr_Comp
+ == Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp */
+ if (Next_Record->Discr == Ident_1)
+ /* then, executed */
+ {
+ Next_Record->variant.var_1.Int_Comp = 6;
+ Proc_6 (Ptr_Val_Par->variant.var_1.Enum_Comp,
+ &Next_Record->variant.var_1.Enum_Comp);
+ Next_Record->Ptr_Comp = Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp;
+ Proc_7 (Next_Record->variant.var_1.Int_Comp, 10,
+ &Next_Record->variant.var_1.Int_Comp);
+ }
+ else /* not executed */
+ structassign (*Ptr_Val_Par, *Ptr_Val_Par->Ptr_Comp);
+} /* Proc_1 */
+
+
+Proc_2 (Int_Par_Ref)
+/******************/
+ /* executed once */
+ /* *Int_Par_Ref == 1, becomes 4 */
+
+One_Fifty *Int_Par_Ref;
+{
+ One_Fifty Int_Loc;
+ Enumeration Enum_Loc;
+
+ Int_Loc = *Int_Par_Ref + 10;
+ do /* executed once */
+ if (Ch_1_Glob == 'A')
+ /* then, executed */
+ {
+ Int_Loc -= 1;
+ *Int_Par_Ref = Int_Loc - Int_Glob;
+ Enum_Loc = Ident_1;
+ } /* if */
+ while (Enum_Loc != Ident_1); /* true */
+} /* Proc_2 */
+
+
+Proc_3 (Ptr_Ref_Par)
+/******************/
+ /* executed once */
+ /* Ptr_Ref_Par becomes Ptr_Glob */
+
+Rec_Pointer *Ptr_Ref_Par;
+
+{
+ if (Ptr_Glob != Null)
+ /* then, executed */
+ *Ptr_Ref_Par = Ptr_Glob->Ptr_Comp;
+ Proc_7 (10, Int_Glob, &Ptr_Glob->variant.var_1.Int_Comp);
+} /* Proc_3 */
+
+
+Proc_4 () /* without parameters */
+/*******/
+ /* executed once */
+{
+ Boolean Bool_Loc;
+
+ Bool_Loc = Ch_1_Glob == 'A';
+ Bool_Glob = Bool_Loc | Bool_Glob;
+ Ch_2_Glob = 'B';
+} /* Proc_4 */
+
+
+Proc_5 () /* without parameters */
+/*******/
+ /* executed once */
+{
+ Ch_1_Glob = 'A';
+ Bool_Glob = false;
+} /* Proc_5 */
+
+
+ /* Procedure for the assignment of structures, */
+ /* if the C compiler doesn't support this feature */
+#ifdef NOSTRUCTASSIGN
+memcpy (d, s, l)
+register char *d;
+register char *s;
+register int l;
+{
+ while (l--) *d++ = *s++;
+}
+#endif
+
+
diff --git a/software/dhrystone/dhry_2.c b/software/dhrystone/dhry_2.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..63a3d3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/software/dhrystone/dhry_2.c
@@ -0,0 +1,192 @@
+/*
+ ****************************************************************************
+ *
+ * "DHRYSTONE" Benchmark Program
+ * -----------------------------
+ *
+ * Version: C, Version 2.1
+ *
+ * File: dhry_2.c (part 3 of 3)
+ *
+ * Date: May 25, 1988
+ *
+ * Author: Reinhold P. Weicker
+ *
+ ****************************************************************************
+ */
+
+#include "dhry.h"
+
+#ifndef REG
+#define REG
+ /* REG becomes defined as empty */
+ /* i.e. no register variables */
+#endif
+
+extern int Int_Glob;
+extern char Ch_1_Glob;
+
+
+Proc_6 (Enum_Val_Par, Enum_Ref_Par)
+/*********************************/
+ /* executed once */
+ /* Enum_Val_Par == Ident_3, Enum_Ref_Par becomes Ident_2 */
+
+Enumeration Enum_Val_Par;
+Enumeration *Enum_Ref_Par;
+{
+ *Enum_Ref_Par = Enum_Val_Par;
+ if (! Func_3 (Enum_Val_Par))
+ /* then, not executed */
+ *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_4;
+ switch (Enum_Val_Par)
+ {
+ case Ident_1:
+ *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_1;
+ break;
+ case Ident_2:
+ if (Int_Glob > 100)
+ /* then */
+ *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_1;
+ else *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_4;
+ break;
+ case Ident_3: /* executed */
+ *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_2;
+ break;
+ case Ident_4: break;
+ case Ident_5:
+ *Enum_Ref_Par = Ident_3;
+ break;
+ } /* switch */
+} /* Proc_6 */
+
+
+Proc_7 (Int_1_Par_Val, Int_2_Par_Val, Int_Par_Ref)
+/**********************************************/
+ /* executed three times */
+ /* first call: Int_1_Par_Val == 2, Int_2_Par_Val == 3, */
+ /* Int_Par_Ref becomes 7 */
+ /* second call: Int_1_Par_Val == 10, Int_2_Par_Val == 5, */
+ /* Int_Par_Ref becomes 17 */
+ /* third call: Int_1_Par_Val == 6, Int_2_Par_Val == 10, */
+ /* Int_Par_Ref becomes 18 */
+One_Fifty Int_1_Par_Val;
+One_Fifty Int_2_Par_Val;
+One_Fifty *Int_Par_Ref;
+{
+ One_Fifty Int_Loc;
+
+ Int_Loc = Int_1_Par_Val + 2;
+ *Int_Par_Ref = Int_2_Par_Val + Int_Loc;
+} /* Proc_7 */
+
+
+Proc_8 (Arr_1_Par_Ref, Arr_2_Par_Ref, Int_1_Par_Val, Int_2_Par_Val)
+/*********************************************************************/
+ /* executed once */
+ /* Int_Par_Val_1 == 3 */
+ /* Int_Par_Val_2 == 7 */
+Arr_1_Dim Arr_1_Par_Ref;
+Arr_2_Dim Arr_2_Par_Ref;
+int Int_1_Par_Val;
+int Int_2_Par_Val;
+{
+ REG One_Fifty Int_Index;
+ REG One_Fifty Int_Loc;
+
+ Int_Loc = Int_1_Par_Val + 5;
+ Arr_1_Par_Ref [Int_Loc] = Int_2_Par_Val;
+ Arr_1_Par_Ref [Int_Loc+1] = Arr_1_Par_Ref [Int_Loc];
+ Arr_1_Par_Ref [Int_Loc+30] = Int_Loc;
+ for (Int_Index = Int_Loc; Int_Index <= Int_Loc+1; ++Int_Index)
+ Arr_2_Par_Ref [Int_Loc] [Int_Index] = Int_Loc;
+ Arr_2_Par_Ref [Int_Loc] [Int_Loc-1] += 1;
+ Arr_2_Par_Ref [Int_Loc+20] [Int_Loc] = Arr_1_Par_Ref [Int_Loc];
+ Int_Glob = 5;
+} /* Proc_8 */
+
+
+Enumeration Func_1 (Ch_1_Par_Val, Ch_2_Par_Val)
+/*************************************************/
+ /* executed three times */
+ /* first call: Ch_1_Par_Val == 'H', Ch_2_Par_Val == 'R' */
+ /* second call: Ch_1_Par_Val == 'A', Ch_2_Par_Val == 'C' */
+ /* third call: Ch_1_Par_Val == 'B', Ch_2_Par_Val == 'C' */
+
+Capital_Letter Ch_1_Par_Val;
+Capital_Letter Ch_2_Par_Val;
+{
+ Capital_Letter Ch_1_Loc;
+ Capital_Letter Ch_2_Loc;
+
+ Ch_1_Loc = Ch_1_Par_Val;
+ Ch_2_Loc = Ch_1_Loc;
+ if (Ch_2_Loc != Ch_2_Par_Val)
+ /* then, executed */
+ return (Ident_1);
+ else /* not executed */
+ {
+ Ch_1_Glob = Ch_1_Loc;
+ return (Ident_2);
+ }
+} /* Func_1 */
+
+
+Boolean Func_2 (Str_1_Par_Ref, Str_2_Par_Ref)
+/*************************************************/
+ /* executed once */
+ /* Str_1_Par_Ref == "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 1'ST STRING" */
+ /* Str_2_Par_Ref == "DHRYSTONE PROGRAM, 2'ND STRING" */
+
+Str_30 Str_1_Par_Ref;
+Str_30 Str_2_Par_Ref;
+{
+ REG One_Thirty Int_Loc;
+ Capital_Letter Ch_Loc;
+
+ Int_Loc = 2;
+ while (Int_Loc <= 2) /* loop body executed once */
+ if (Func_1 (Str_1_Par_Ref[Int_Loc],
+ Str_2_Par_Ref[Int_Loc+1]) == Ident_1)
+ /* then, executed */
+ {
+ Ch_Loc = 'A';
+ Int_Loc += 1;
+ } /* if, while */
+ if (Ch_Loc >= 'W' && Ch_Loc < 'Z')
+ /* then, not executed */
+ Int_Loc = 7;
+ if (Ch_Loc == 'R')
+ /* then, not executed */
+ return (true);
+ else /* executed */
+ {
+ if (strcmp (Str_1_Par_Ref, Str_2_Par_Ref) > 0)
+ /* then, not executed */
+ {
+ Int_Loc += 7;
+ Int_Glob = Int_Loc;
+ return (true);
+ }
+ else /* executed */
+ return (false);
+ } /* if Ch_Loc */
+} /* Func_2 */
+
+
+Boolean Func_3 (Enum_Par_Val)
+/***************************/
+ /* executed once */
+ /* Enum_Par_Val == Ident_3 */
+Enumeration Enum_Par_Val;
+{
+ Enumeration Enum_Loc;
+
+ Enum_Loc = Enum_Par_Val;
+ if (Enum_Loc == Ident_3)
+ /* then, executed */
+ return (true);
+ else /* not executed */
+ return (false);
+} /* Func_3 */
+
diff --git a/software/dhrystone/dhry_printf.c b/software/dhrystone/dhry_printf.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..1fdaac4
--- /dev/null
+++ b/software/dhrystone/dhry_printf.c
@@ -0,0 +1,271 @@
+/* The functions in this file are only meant to support Dhrystone on an
+ * embedded RV32 system and are obviously incorrect in general. */
+
+#include <stdarg.h>
+#include <stddef.h>
+#include <stdio.h>
+#include <stdint.h>
+#include <string.h>
+#include <unistd.h>
+
+#undef putchar
+int putchar(int ch)
+{
+ return write(1, &ch, 1) == 1 ? ch : -1;
+}
+
+static void sprintf_putch(int ch, void** data)
+{
+ char** pstr = (char**)data;
+ **pstr = ch;
+ (*pstr)++;
+}
+
+static unsigned long getuint(va_list *ap, int lflag)
+{
+ if (lflag)
+ return va_arg(*ap, unsigned long);
+ else
+ return va_arg(*ap, unsigned int);
+}
+
+static long getint(va_list *ap, int lflag)
+{
+ if (lflag)
+ return va_arg(*ap, long);
+ else
+ return va_arg(*ap, int);
+}
+
+static inline void printnum(void (*putch)(int, void**), void **putdat,
+ unsigned long num, unsigned base, int width, int padc)
+{
+ unsigned digs[sizeof(num)*8];
+ int pos = 0;
+
+ while (1)
+ {
+ digs[pos++] = num % base;
+ if (num < base)
+ break;
+ num /= base;
+ }
+
+ while (width-- > pos)
+ putch(padc, putdat);
+
+ while (pos-- > 0)
+ putch(digs[pos] + (digs[pos] >= 10 ? 'a' - 10 : '0'), putdat);
+}
+
+static inline void print_double(void (*putch)(int, void**), void **putdat,
+ double num, int width, int prec)
+{
+ union {
+ double d;
+ uint64_t u;
+ } u;
+ u.d = num;
+
+ if (u.u & (1ULL << 63)) {
+ putch('-', putdat);
+ u.u &= ~(1ULL << 63);
+ }
+
+ for (int i = 0; i < prec; i++)
+ u.d *= 10;
+
+ char buf[32], *pbuf = buf;
+ printnum(sprintf_putch, (void**)&pbuf, (unsigned long)u.d, 10, 0, 0);
+ if (prec > 0) {
+ for (int i = 0; i < prec; i++) {
+ pbuf[-i] = pbuf[-i-1];
+ }
+ pbuf[-prec] = '.';
+ pbuf++;
+ }
+
+ for (char* p = buf; p < pbuf; p++)
+ putch(*p, putdat);
+}
+
+static void vprintfmt(void (*putch)(int, void**), void **putdat, const char *fmt, va_list ap)
+{
+ register const char* p;
+ const char* last_fmt;
+ register int ch, err;
+ unsigned long num;
+ int base, lflag, width, precision, altflag;
+ char padc;
+
+ while (1) {
+ while ((ch = *(unsigned char *) fmt) != '%') {
+ if (ch == '\0')
+ return;
+ fmt++;
+ putch(ch, putdat);
+ }
+ fmt++;
+
+ // Process a %-escape sequence
+ last_fmt = fmt;
+ padc = ' ';
+ width = -1;
+ precision = -1;
+ lflag = 0;
+ altflag = 0;
+ reswitch:
+ switch (ch = *(unsigned char *) fmt++) {
+
+ // flag to pad on the right
+ case '-':
+ padc = '-';
+ goto reswitch;
+
+ // flag to pad with 0's instead of spaces
+ case '0':
+ padc = '0';
+ goto reswitch;
+
+ // width field
+ case '1':
+ case '2':
+ case '3':
+ case '4':
+ case '5':
+ case '6':
+ case '7':
+ case '8':
+ case '9':
+ for (precision = 0; ; ++fmt) {
+ precision = precision * 10 + ch - '0';
+ ch = *fmt;
+ if (ch < '0' || ch > '9')
+ break;
+ }
+ goto process_precision;
+
+ case '*':
+ precision = va_arg(ap, int);
+ goto process_precision;
+
+ case '.':
+ if (width < 0)
+ width = 0;
+ goto reswitch;
+
+ case '#':
+ altflag = 1;
+ goto reswitch;
+
+ process_precision:
+ if (width < 0)
+ width = precision, precision = -1;
+ goto reswitch;
+
+ // long flag
+ case 'l':
+ if (lflag)
+ goto bad;
+ goto reswitch;
+
+ // character
+ case 'c':
+ putch(va_arg(ap, int), putdat);
+ break;
+
+ // double
+ case 'f':
+ print_double(putch, putdat, va_arg(ap, double), width, precision);
+ break;
+
+ // string
+ case 's':
+ if ((p = va_arg(ap, char *)) == NULL)
+ p = "(null)";
+ if (width > 0 && padc != '-')
+ for (width -= strnlen(p, precision); width > 0; width--)
+ putch(padc, putdat);
+ for (; (ch = *p) != '\0' && (precision < 0 || --precision >= 0); width--) {
+ putch(ch, putdat);
+ p++;
+ }
+ for (; width > 0; width--)
+ putch(' ', putdat);
+ break;
+
+ // (signed) decimal
+ case 'd':
+ num = getint(&ap, lflag);
+ if ((long) num < 0) {
+ putch('-', putdat);
+ num = -(long) num;
+ }
+ base = 10;
+ goto signed_number;
+
+ // unsigned decimal
+ case 'u':
+ base = 10;
+ goto unsigned_number;
+
+ // (unsigned) octal
+ case 'o':
+ // should do something with padding so it's always 3 octits
+ base = 8;
+ goto unsigned_number;
+
+ // pointer
+ case 'p':
+ lflag = 1;
+ putch('0', putdat);
+ putch('x', putdat);
+ /* fall through to 'x' */
+
+ // (unsigned) hexadecimal
+ case 'x':
+ base = 16;
+ unsigned_number:
+ num = getuint(&ap, lflag);
+ signed_number:
+ printnum(putch, putdat, num, base, width, padc);
+ break;
+
+ // escaped '%' character
+ case '%':
+ putch(ch, putdat);
+ break;
+
+ // unrecognized escape sequence - just print it literally
+ default:
+ bad:
+ putch('%', putdat);
+ fmt = last_fmt;
+ break;
+ }
+ }
+}
+
+int printf(const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+ va_list ap;
+ va_start(ap, fmt);
+
+ vprintfmt((void*)putchar, 0, fmt, ap);
+
+ va_end(ap);
+ return 0; // incorrect return value, but who cares, anyway?
+}
+
+int sprintf(char* str, const char* fmt, ...)
+{
+ va_list ap;
+ char* str0 = str;
+ va_start(ap, fmt);
+
+ vprintfmt(sprintf_putch, (void**)&str, fmt, ap);
+ *str = 0;
+
+ va_end(ap);
+ return str - str0;
+}
diff --git a/software/dhrystone/dhry_stubs.c b/software/dhrystone/dhry_stubs.c
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..d384bf1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/software/dhrystone/dhry_stubs.c
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+#include "platform.h"
+
+/* The functions in this file are only meant to support Dhrystone on an
+ * embedded RV32 system and are obviously incorrect in general. */
+
+// return the cycle counter as though it were the current time
+long time(void)
+{
+ long t;
+ asm volatile ("csrr %0, mcycle" : "=r" (t));
+ return t / (get_cpu_freq() / 1000);
+}
+
+// set the number of dhrystone iterations
+void scanf(const char* fmt, int* n)
+{
+ *n = 1500000;
+}
+
+// simple memory allocator
+void* malloc(unsigned long sz)
+{
+ extern void* sbrk(long);
+ void* res = sbrk(sz);
+ if ((long)res == -1)
+ return 0;
+ return res;
+}
+
+// simple memory deallocator
+void free(void* ptr) {}